Efficient MPS representations and quantum circuits from the Fourier modes of classical image data

Machine learning tasks are an exciting application for quantum computers, as it has been proven that they can learn certain problems more efficiently than classical ones. Applying quantum machine learning algorithms to classical data can have many important applications, as qubits allow for dealing...

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Main Authors: Bernhard Jobst, Kevin Shen, Carlos A. Riofrío, Elvira Shishenina, Frank Pollmann
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Verein zur Förderung des Open Access Publizierens in den Quantenwissenschaften 2024-12-01
Series:Quantum
Online Access:https://quantum-journal.org/papers/q-2024-12-03-1544/pdf/
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author Bernhard Jobst
Kevin Shen
Carlos A. Riofrío
Elvira Shishenina
Frank Pollmann
author_facet Bernhard Jobst
Kevin Shen
Carlos A. Riofrío
Elvira Shishenina
Frank Pollmann
author_sort Bernhard Jobst
collection DOAJ
description Machine learning tasks are an exciting application for quantum computers, as it has been proven that they can learn certain problems more efficiently than classical ones. Applying quantum machine learning algorithms to classical data can have many important applications, as qubits allow for dealing with exponentially more data than classical bits. However, preparing the corresponding quantum states usually requires an exponential number of gates and therefore may ruin any potential quantum speedups. Here, we show that classical data with a sufficiently quickly decaying Fourier spectrum after being mapped to a quantum state can be well-approximated by states with a small Schmidt rank (i.e., matrix-product states) and we derive explicit error bounds. These approximated states can, in turn, be prepared on a quantum computer with a linear number of nearest-neighbor two-qubit gates. We confirm our results numerically on a set of $1024\times1024$-pixel images taken from the `Imagenette' and DIV2K datasets. Additionally, we consider different variational circuit ansätze and demonstrate numerically that one-dimensional sequential circuits achieve the same compression quality as more powerful ansätze.
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issn 2521-327X
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publishDate 2024-12-01
publisher Verein zur Förderung des Open Access Publizierens in den Quantenwissenschaften
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spelling doaj-art-3b7b1f61dc034e89bed58e79dfd2b8d92025-08-20T02:50:37ZengVerein zur Förderung des Open Access Publizierens in den QuantenwissenschaftenQuantum2521-327X2024-12-018154410.22331/q-2024-12-03-154410.22331/q-2024-12-03-1544Efficient MPS representations and quantum circuits from the Fourier modes of classical image dataBernhard JobstKevin ShenCarlos A. RiofríoElvira ShisheninaFrank PollmannMachine learning tasks are an exciting application for quantum computers, as it has been proven that they can learn certain problems more efficiently than classical ones. Applying quantum machine learning algorithms to classical data can have many important applications, as qubits allow for dealing with exponentially more data than classical bits. However, preparing the corresponding quantum states usually requires an exponential number of gates and therefore may ruin any potential quantum speedups. Here, we show that classical data with a sufficiently quickly decaying Fourier spectrum after being mapped to a quantum state can be well-approximated by states with a small Schmidt rank (i.e., matrix-product states) and we derive explicit error bounds. These approximated states can, in turn, be prepared on a quantum computer with a linear number of nearest-neighbor two-qubit gates. We confirm our results numerically on a set of $1024\times1024$-pixel images taken from the `Imagenette' and DIV2K datasets. Additionally, we consider different variational circuit ansätze and demonstrate numerically that one-dimensional sequential circuits achieve the same compression quality as more powerful ansätze.https://quantum-journal.org/papers/q-2024-12-03-1544/pdf/
spellingShingle Bernhard Jobst
Kevin Shen
Carlos A. Riofrío
Elvira Shishenina
Frank Pollmann
Efficient MPS representations and quantum circuits from the Fourier modes of classical image data
Quantum
title Efficient MPS representations and quantum circuits from the Fourier modes of classical image data
title_full Efficient MPS representations and quantum circuits from the Fourier modes of classical image data
title_fullStr Efficient MPS representations and quantum circuits from the Fourier modes of classical image data
title_full_unstemmed Efficient MPS representations and quantum circuits from the Fourier modes of classical image data
title_short Efficient MPS representations and quantum circuits from the Fourier modes of classical image data
title_sort efficient mps representations and quantum circuits from the fourier modes of classical image data
url https://quantum-journal.org/papers/q-2024-12-03-1544/pdf/
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