Expression pattern of Calbindin-D28k, NeuN proteins, ATOH1 and EN2 genes in the human fetal cerebellum
Background: Human cerebellum plays a crucial role in motor coordination and cognitive functions. Series of events such as cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation occur during the development, which are tightly regulated by specific genes. Understanding the expression patterns of key genes...
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Elsevier
2025-03-01
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| Series: | Translational Research in Anatomy |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214854X24000943 |
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| author | Phanindra Prasad Poudel Arnab Ghosh Chacchu Bhattarai Saman Pradhan Nirmal Panthi Dela Singh Joshi Shanti Khadka Sandhya Kumari Guruprasad Kalthur R. Vani Lakshmi Sneha Guruprasad Kalthur |
| author_facet | Phanindra Prasad Poudel Arnab Ghosh Chacchu Bhattarai Saman Pradhan Nirmal Panthi Dela Singh Joshi Shanti Khadka Sandhya Kumari Guruprasad Kalthur R. Vani Lakshmi Sneha Guruprasad Kalthur |
| author_sort | Phanindra Prasad Poudel |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background: Human cerebellum plays a crucial role in motor coordination and cognitive functions. Series of events such as cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation occur during the development, which are tightly regulated by specific genes. Understanding the expression patterns of key genes involved in these processes during various stages of fetal development can provide valuable insights into the complex mechanisms of cerebellar development. This study aims to investigate the expression patterns of Calbindin-D28k, NeuN (neuronal nuclease), ATOH1 (Atonal homolog 1), and EN2 (Engrailed -2) in the human fetal cerebellum. Methods: This is a descriptive observational study carried out in human fetal cerebellum, fluorescent immunohistochemistry was performed to study the expression of Calbindin-D28k and NeuN, and while the expression of ATOH1 and EN2 genes were quantified with the help of qPCR. Results: Calbindin-D28k was highly immunoreactive in the Purkinje cells and located in their cytoplasm, nucleus and dendrites whereas absent in their axons. NeuN was expressed weakly in the perinuclear cytoplasm and nucleus of granule cells whereas absent in their dendrites and axons. ATOH1 gene was upregulated during third trimester whereas EN2 gene was upregulated during second as well as third trimesters. Conclusion: Distribution and intensity of Calbindin-D28k and NeuN proteins in the human fetal cerebellum increased with the increase in fetal age. Expression pattern of ATOH1 and EN2 genes indicated that second and third trimesters are the crucial periods for the proliferation, migration and maturation of granule cells. These genes may play a crucial role in the establishment of normal morphology of human fetal cerebellum and its development. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-3b1d70a819ab487b9a7448b98acce444 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2214-854X |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-03-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Translational Research in Anatomy |
| spelling | doaj-art-3b1d70a819ab487b9a7448b98acce4442025-01-24T04:45:13ZengElsevierTranslational Research in Anatomy2214-854X2025-03-0138100370Expression pattern of Calbindin-D28k, NeuN proteins, ATOH1 and EN2 genes in the human fetal cerebellumPhanindra Prasad Poudel0Arnab Ghosh1Chacchu Bhattarai2Saman Pradhan3Nirmal Panthi4Dela Singh Joshi5Shanti Khadka6Sandhya Kumari7Guruprasad Kalthur8R. Vani Lakshmi9Sneha Guruprasad Kalthur10Department of Anatomy, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India; Department of Anatomy, Manipal College of Medical Sciences, Pokhara, 33700, NepalDepartment of Pathology, Manipal-TATA Medical College, Jamshedpur, 831017, IndiaDepartment of Anatomy, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India; Department of Anatomy, Manipal College of Medical Sciences, Pokhara, 33700, NepalCenter for Molecular Dynamics Nepal, Kathmandu, 44600, NepalCenter for Molecular Dynamics Nepal, Kathmandu, 44600, NepalDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Western Regional Hospital, Pokhara Academy of Health Sciences, Pokhara, 33700, NepalDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Western Regional Hospital, Pokhara Academy of Health Sciences, Pokhara, 33700, NepalDivision of Reproductive Biology, Department of Reproductive Science, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, IndiaDivision of Reproductive Biology, Department of Reproductive Science, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, IndiaDepartment of Data Science, Prasanna School of Public Health, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, IndiaDepartment of Anatomy, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India; Corresponding author.Background: Human cerebellum plays a crucial role in motor coordination and cognitive functions. Series of events such as cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation occur during the development, which are tightly regulated by specific genes. Understanding the expression patterns of key genes involved in these processes during various stages of fetal development can provide valuable insights into the complex mechanisms of cerebellar development. This study aims to investigate the expression patterns of Calbindin-D28k, NeuN (neuronal nuclease), ATOH1 (Atonal homolog 1), and EN2 (Engrailed -2) in the human fetal cerebellum. Methods: This is a descriptive observational study carried out in human fetal cerebellum, fluorescent immunohistochemistry was performed to study the expression of Calbindin-D28k and NeuN, and while the expression of ATOH1 and EN2 genes were quantified with the help of qPCR. Results: Calbindin-D28k was highly immunoreactive in the Purkinje cells and located in their cytoplasm, nucleus and dendrites whereas absent in their axons. NeuN was expressed weakly in the perinuclear cytoplasm and nucleus of granule cells whereas absent in their dendrites and axons. ATOH1 gene was upregulated during third trimester whereas EN2 gene was upregulated during second as well as third trimesters. Conclusion: Distribution and intensity of Calbindin-D28k and NeuN proteins in the human fetal cerebellum increased with the increase in fetal age. Expression pattern of ATOH1 and EN2 genes indicated that second and third trimesters are the crucial periods for the proliferation, migration and maturation of granule cells. These genes may play a crucial role in the establishment of normal morphology of human fetal cerebellum and its development.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214854X24000943Human fetal cerebellumDevelopmentImmunohistochemistryPCRPurkinje cellsGranule cells |
| spellingShingle | Phanindra Prasad Poudel Arnab Ghosh Chacchu Bhattarai Saman Pradhan Nirmal Panthi Dela Singh Joshi Shanti Khadka Sandhya Kumari Guruprasad Kalthur R. Vani Lakshmi Sneha Guruprasad Kalthur Expression pattern of Calbindin-D28k, NeuN proteins, ATOH1 and EN2 genes in the human fetal cerebellum Translational Research in Anatomy Human fetal cerebellum Development Immunohistochemistry PCR Purkinje cells Granule cells |
| title | Expression pattern of Calbindin-D28k, NeuN proteins, ATOH1 and EN2 genes in the human fetal cerebellum |
| title_full | Expression pattern of Calbindin-D28k, NeuN proteins, ATOH1 and EN2 genes in the human fetal cerebellum |
| title_fullStr | Expression pattern of Calbindin-D28k, NeuN proteins, ATOH1 and EN2 genes in the human fetal cerebellum |
| title_full_unstemmed | Expression pattern of Calbindin-D28k, NeuN proteins, ATOH1 and EN2 genes in the human fetal cerebellum |
| title_short | Expression pattern of Calbindin-D28k, NeuN proteins, ATOH1 and EN2 genes in the human fetal cerebellum |
| title_sort | expression pattern of calbindin d28k neun proteins atoh1 and en2 genes in the human fetal cerebellum |
| topic | Human fetal cerebellum Development Immunohistochemistry PCR Purkinje cells Granule cells |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214854X24000943 |
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