Health risk assessment and determination of bisphenol A and aflatoxin M1 in infant formula
Abstract Background Bisphenol A (BPA) is one of the chemical compounds used in food packaging, so it can migrate from the packaging into food. Also, environmental pollution of this compound is high due to its high use. Therefore, it may enter food chains through the environment. Aflatoxin M1 (AFM1)...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2025-01-01
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| Series: | BMC Nutrition |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s40795-025-00998-3 |
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| author | Ghazal Mirzaei Najmeh Yazdanfar Nabi Shariatifar Ebrahim Molaee -Aghaee Parisa Sadighara |
| author_facet | Ghazal Mirzaei Najmeh Yazdanfar Nabi Shariatifar Ebrahim Molaee -Aghaee Parisa Sadighara |
| author_sort | Ghazal Mirzaei |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Bisphenol A (BPA) is one of the chemical compounds used in food packaging, so it can migrate from the packaging into food. Also, environmental pollution of this compound is high due to its high use. Therefore, it may enter food chains through the environment. Aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) is one of the common mycotoxins in milk. Its presence has been reported worldwide. Infant formula is an alternative to human milk. The main ingredient of this product is cow’s milk. Aims This study aimed to investigate the levels and risk assessment of BPA and aflatoxin M1 in infant formula. Methods Samples were purchased from 7 leading brands of infant formula in pharmacies. The samples were extracted according to common protocols and then injected into HPLC and analyzed with a fluorescence detector for both contaminants. Results BPA wasn’t detected in infant formula samples, but the presence of AFM1was confirmed in 11% of the samples. Of course, there is no risk in this regard with the risk assessment. Conclusion Infant formula samples are not of concern for infants in terms of BPA and aflatoxin M1. However, continuous monitoring is recommended for this product. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-3b11072f33be4465b44eb10107600006 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2055-0928 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | BMC Nutrition |
| spelling | doaj-art-3b11072f33be4465b44eb101076000062025-01-19T12:13:18ZengBMCBMC Nutrition2055-09282025-01-011111610.1186/s40795-025-00998-3Health risk assessment and determination of bisphenol A and aflatoxin M1 in infant formulaGhazal Mirzaei0Najmeh Yazdanfar1Nabi Shariatifar2Ebrahim Molaee -Aghaee3Parisa Sadighara4Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Division of Food Safety and Hygiene, School of public health, Tehran University of Medical SciencesIranian Research and Development Center for Chemical Industries, ACECRDepartment of Environmental Health Engineering, Division of Food Safety and Hygiene, School of public health, Tehran University of Medical SciencesDepartment of Environmental Health Engineering, Division of Food Safety and Hygiene, School of public health, Tehran University of Medical SciencesDepartment of Environmental Health Engineering, Division of Food Safety and Hygiene, School of public health, Tehran University of Medical SciencesAbstract Background Bisphenol A (BPA) is one of the chemical compounds used in food packaging, so it can migrate from the packaging into food. Also, environmental pollution of this compound is high due to its high use. Therefore, it may enter food chains through the environment. Aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) is one of the common mycotoxins in milk. Its presence has been reported worldwide. Infant formula is an alternative to human milk. The main ingredient of this product is cow’s milk. Aims This study aimed to investigate the levels and risk assessment of BPA and aflatoxin M1 in infant formula. Methods Samples were purchased from 7 leading brands of infant formula in pharmacies. The samples were extracted according to common protocols and then injected into HPLC and analyzed with a fluorescence detector for both contaminants. Results BPA wasn’t detected in infant formula samples, but the presence of AFM1was confirmed in 11% of the samples. Of course, there is no risk in this regard with the risk assessment. Conclusion Infant formula samples are not of concern for infants in terms of BPA and aflatoxin M1. However, continuous monitoring is recommended for this product.https://doi.org/10.1186/s40795-025-00998-3Bisphenol AAflatoxin M1Infant formulaHPLCFood packagingEnvironmental pollution |
| spellingShingle | Ghazal Mirzaei Najmeh Yazdanfar Nabi Shariatifar Ebrahim Molaee -Aghaee Parisa Sadighara Health risk assessment and determination of bisphenol A and aflatoxin M1 in infant formula BMC Nutrition Bisphenol A Aflatoxin M1 Infant formula HPLC Food packaging Environmental pollution |
| title | Health risk assessment and determination of bisphenol A and aflatoxin M1 in infant formula |
| title_full | Health risk assessment and determination of bisphenol A and aflatoxin M1 in infant formula |
| title_fullStr | Health risk assessment and determination of bisphenol A and aflatoxin M1 in infant formula |
| title_full_unstemmed | Health risk assessment and determination of bisphenol A and aflatoxin M1 in infant formula |
| title_short | Health risk assessment and determination of bisphenol A and aflatoxin M1 in infant formula |
| title_sort | health risk assessment and determination of bisphenol a and aflatoxin m1 in infant formula |
| topic | Bisphenol A Aflatoxin M1 Infant formula HPLC Food packaging Environmental pollution |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s40795-025-00998-3 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT ghazalmirzaei healthriskassessmentanddeterminationofbisphenolaandaflatoxinm1ininfantformula AT najmehyazdanfar healthriskassessmentanddeterminationofbisphenolaandaflatoxinm1ininfantformula AT nabishariatifar healthriskassessmentanddeterminationofbisphenolaandaflatoxinm1ininfantformula AT ebrahimmolaeeaghaee healthriskassessmentanddeterminationofbisphenolaandaflatoxinm1ininfantformula AT parisasadighara healthriskassessmentanddeterminationofbisphenolaandaflatoxinm1ininfantformula |