<i>Sambucus nigra</i>-Lyophilized Fruit Extract Attenuated Acute Redox–Homeostatic Imbalance via Mutagenic and Oxidative Stress Modulation in Mice Model on Gentamicin-Induced Nephrotoxicity

<i>Sambucus nigra</i>-Lyophilized Fruit Extract Attenuated Acute Redox–Homeostatic Imbalance via Mutagenic and Oxidative Stress Modulation in Mice Model on Gentamicin-Induced Nephrotoxicity

<b>Background:</b> Gentamicin (GM) administration is associated with decreased metabolism, increased oxidative stress, and induction of nephrotoxicity. <i>Sambucus nigra</i> L., containing flavonoids, anthocyanins, and phytosterols, possesses antioxidant and anti-inflammatory...

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Main Authors: Kamelia Petkova-Parlapanska, Ivaylo Stefanov, Julian Ananiev, Tsvetelin Georgiev, Petya Hadzhibozheva, Veselina Petrova-Tacheva, Nikolay Kaloyanov, Ekaterina Georgieva, Galina Nikolova, Yanka Karamalakova
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-01-01
Series:Pharmaceuticals
Subjects:
<i>S. nigra</i> extract
acute model
gentamycin
nephroprotection
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8247/18/1/85
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Summary:<b>Background:</b> Gentamicin (GM) administration is associated with decreased metabolism, increased oxidative stress, and induction of nephrotoxicity. <i>Sambucus nigra</i> L., containing flavonoids, anthocyanins, and phytosterols, possesses antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential. <b>Objectives:</b> The present study aimed to investigate the nephroprotective and anti-inflammatory potential of lyophilized <i>Sambucus nigra</i> fruit extract (<i>S. nigra extract</i>) to reduce acute oxidative stress and residual toxicity of GM in a 7-day experimental model in Balb/c rodents. <b>Methods:</b> The <i>S. nigra</i> extract was lyophilized (300 rpm; 10 min; −45 °C) to improve pharmacological properties. Balb/c mice were divided into four (n = 6) groups: controls; <i>S. nigra</i> extract per os (120 mg kg<sup>−1</sup> day<sup>−1</sup> bw); GM (200 mg kg<sup>−1</sup> day<sup>−1</sup> bw) (4); and GM + <i>S. nigra</i> therapy. The activities of antioxidant and renal enzymes, cytokines, and levels of oxidative stress biomarkers—Hydroxiproline, CysC, GST, KIM-1, PGC-1α, MDA, GSPx—were analyzed by ELISA tests. The ROS and RNS levels, as well as 5-MSL-protein oxidation, were measured by EPR spectroscopy. <b>Results:</b> The antioxidant-protective effect of <i>S. nigra</i> extract (120 mg kg<sup>−1</sup>) was demonstrated by reduced MDA, ROS, and RNS and increased activation of endogenous enzymes. Furthermore, <i>S. nigra</i> extract significantly reduced the expression of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α, IFN-γ, and KIM-1 and regulated collagen/protein (PGC-1α and albumin) deposition in renal tissues. <b>Conclusions:</b> Histological evaluation confirmed that <i>S. nigra</i> (120 mg kg<sup>−1</sup>) attenuated renal dysfunction and structural damage by modulating oxidative stress and acute inflammation and could be used as an anti-fibrotic alternative in GM nephrotoxicity.
ISSN:1424-8247

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