Climatological Investigation of Ionospheric Es Layer Based on Occultation Data
Sporadic E (Es) layers are irregular structures that occur at the E-layer height of the ionosphere, significantly affecting the reliability and accuracy of wireless communications, navigation, and satellite remote sensing. This study utilized the S4max data collected from the Constellation Observing...
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MDPI AG
2025-01-01
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| Series: | Remote Sensing |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/17/2/280 |
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| author | Haibing Ruan Xiuwen Qiu Xin Guo Xiangxue Wang Xin Zhang |
| author_facet | Haibing Ruan Xiuwen Qiu Xin Guo Xiangxue Wang Xin Zhang |
| author_sort | Haibing Ruan |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Sporadic E (Es) layers are irregular structures that occur at the E-layer height of the ionosphere, significantly affecting the reliability and accuracy of wireless communications, navigation, and satellite remote sensing. This study utilized the S4max data collected from the Constellation Observing System for the Meteorology, Ionosphere, and Climate (COSMIC) occultation observations from 2007 to 2016 to identify the Es layer and investigate its climatological variations. The Horizontal Wind Field model (HWM14), in conjunction with the International Geomagnetic Reference Field model (IGRF13), is used to calculate vertical ion convergence (VIC) and analyze its correlation to the Es layers. The results of this study showed that the occurrence of Es has apparent hemispheric asymmetry. In the mid- and low latitudes, Es layer activity is more intense in the summer hemispheres, with center peak altitudes of around 105 km. The summer hemisphere exhibits a semi-diurnal periodic pattern, whereas the winter hemisphere shows a weakened diurnal variation. Simulation studies indicate that VIC induced by neutral wind shear contributes to the asymmetry in Es layer activities observed between the Northern and Southern hemispheres, and the zonal wind shear plays a more critical role than the meridional wind one. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-389c67e3d6dd4f9ab3774fc3db0df4a2 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2072-4292 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Remote Sensing |
| spelling | doaj-art-389c67e3d6dd4f9ab3774fc3db0df4a22025-01-24T13:47:59ZengMDPI AGRemote Sensing2072-42922025-01-0117228010.3390/rs17020280Climatological Investigation of Ionospheric Es Layer Based on Occultation DataHaibing Ruan0Xiuwen Qiu1Xin Guo2Xiangxue Wang3Xin Zhang4Institute of Space Weather, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, ChinaInstitute of Space Weather, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, ChinaSchool of Automation, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, ChinaSchool of Artificial Intelligence, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, ChinaJiHua Laboratory, Foshan 528200, ChinaSporadic E (Es) layers are irregular structures that occur at the E-layer height of the ionosphere, significantly affecting the reliability and accuracy of wireless communications, navigation, and satellite remote sensing. This study utilized the S4max data collected from the Constellation Observing System for the Meteorology, Ionosphere, and Climate (COSMIC) occultation observations from 2007 to 2016 to identify the Es layer and investigate its climatological variations. The Horizontal Wind Field model (HWM14), in conjunction with the International Geomagnetic Reference Field model (IGRF13), is used to calculate vertical ion convergence (VIC) and analyze its correlation to the Es layers. The results of this study showed that the occurrence of Es has apparent hemispheric asymmetry. In the mid- and low latitudes, Es layer activity is more intense in the summer hemispheres, with center peak altitudes of around 105 km. The summer hemisphere exhibits a semi-diurnal periodic pattern, whereas the winter hemisphere shows a weakened diurnal variation. Simulation studies indicate that VIC induced by neutral wind shear contributes to the asymmetry in Es layer activities observed between the Northern and Southern hemispheres, and the zonal wind shear plays a more critical role than the meridional wind one.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/17/2/280IonosphereEs layerCOSMICHWMwind shear theory |
| spellingShingle | Haibing Ruan Xiuwen Qiu Xin Guo Xiangxue Wang Xin Zhang Climatological Investigation of Ionospheric Es Layer Based on Occultation Data Remote Sensing Ionosphere Es layer COSMIC HWM wind shear theory |
| title | Climatological Investigation of Ionospheric Es Layer Based on Occultation Data |
| title_full | Climatological Investigation of Ionospheric Es Layer Based on Occultation Data |
| title_fullStr | Climatological Investigation of Ionospheric Es Layer Based on Occultation Data |
| title_full_unstemmed | Climatological Investigation of Ionospheric Es Layer Based on Occultation Data |
| title_short | Climatological Investigation of Ionospheric Es Layer Based on Occultation Data |
| title_sort | climatological investigation of ionospheric es layer based on occultation data |
| topic | Ionosphere Es layer COSMIC HWM wind shear theory |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/17/2/280 |
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