Behavior of Olive Genotypes Against Quick Decline Syndrome (QDS) Caused by <i>Xylella fastidiosa</i> subsp. <i>pauca</i> in Apulia
<i>Xylella fastidiosa</i> subsp. <i>pauca</i> (<i>Xfp</i>), a quarantine pathogen in the European Union, severely threatens Mediterranean olive production, especially in southern Italy, where Olive Quick Decline Syndrome (OQDS) has devastated Apulian olive groves....
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MDPI AG
2025-01-01
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| author | Mariangela Carlucci Michele Antonio Savoia Pompea Gabriella Lucchese Valentina Fanelli Isabella Mascio Francesco Luigi Aurelio Monica Marilena Miazzi Andrea Pacifico Cinzia Montemurro Franco Nigro |
| author_facet | Mariangela Carlucci Michele Antonio Savoia Pompea Gabriella Lucchese Valentina Fanelli Isabella Mascio Francesco Luigi Aurelio Monica Marilena Miazzi Andrea Pacifico Cinzia Montemurro Franco Nigro |
| author_sort | Mariangela Carlucci |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <i>Xylella fastidiosa</i> subsp. <i>pauca</i> (<i>Xfp</i>), a quarantine pathogen in the European Union, severely threatens Mediterranean olive production, especially in southern Italy, where Olive Quick Decline Syndrome (OQDS) has devastated Apulian olive groves. This study addresses the urgent need to identify resistant olive genotypes by monitoring 16 potentially tolerant genotypes over six years, assessing symptom severity and bacterial load. These genotypes, which survived in heavily infected areas, showed varied responses to <i>Xfp</i>; some maintained low symptom severity with minimal bacterial presence (high or undetectable Cq values), while others exhibited increased bacterial loads yet remained asymptomatic or showed limited canopy desiccation. SSR markers were used to investigate the genetic relationships among these genotypes and other widespread Mediterranean cultivars, showing genetic similarity with the resistant ones such as the Albanian Kalinjot and the Greek Leucocarpa, as well as with local Apulian cultivars, highlighting the potential of local and Mediterranean olive germplasm for <i>Xfp</i> resistance. This study integrates phenotypic responses with genetic knowledge to support the development of conservation strategies that will enhance the genetic diversity of Apulian olive cultivars. In addition, by focusing on the resilience of the different olive genotypes, this research aims to protect the traditional cultivars from the emerging threats, thus preserving the ecological and cultural heritage of the olive biodiversity of the Mediterranean region. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-37c7b7d01f274e47a3f9b157d38266d6 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2223-7747 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Plants |
| spelling | doaj-art-37c7b7d01f274e47a3f9b157d38266d62025-01-24T13:46:32ZengMDPI AGPlants2223-77472025-01-0114215710.3390/plants14020157Behavior of Olive Genotypes Against Quick Decline Syndrome (QDS) Caused by <i>Xylella fastidiosa</i> subsp. <i>pauca</i> in ApuliaMariangela Carlucci0Michele Antonio Savoia1Pompea Gabriella Lucchese2Valentina Fanelli3Isabella Mascio4Francesco Luigi Aurelio5Monica Marilena Miazzi6Andrea Pacifico7Cinzia Montemurro8Franco Nigro9Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences (DiSSPA), University of Bari—Aldo Moro, Via Giovanni Amendola 165/A, 70126 Bari, ItalyDepartment of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences (DiSSPA), University of Bari—Aldo Moro, Via Giovanni Amendola 165/A, 70126 Bari, ItalyDepartment of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences (DiSSPA), University of Bari—Aldo Moro, Via Giovanni Amendola 165/A, 70126 Bari, ItalyDepartment of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences (DiSSPA), University of Bari—Aldo Moro, Via Giovanni Amendola 165/A, 70126 Bari, ItalyDepartment of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences (DiSSPA), University of Bari—Aldo Moro, Via Giovanni Amendola 165/A, 70126 Bari, ItalyDepartment of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences (DiSSPA), University of Bari—Aldo Moro, Via Giovanni Amendola 165/A, 70126 Bari, ItalyDepartment of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences (DiSSPA), University of Bari—Aldo Moro, Via Giovanni Amendola 165/A, 70126 Bari, ItalyDepartment of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences (DiSSPA), University of Bari—Aldo Moro, Via Giovanni Amendola 165/A, 70126 Bari, ItalyDepartment of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences (DiSSPA), University of Bari—Aldo Moro, Via Giovanni Amendola 165/A, 70126 Bari, ItalyDepartment of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences (DiSSPA), University of Bari—Aldo Moro, Via Giovanni Amendola 165/A, 70126 Bari, Italy<i>Xylella fastidiosa</i> subsp. <i>pauca</i> (<i>Xfp</i>), a quarantine pathogen in the European Union, severely threatens Mediterranean olive production, especially in southern Italy, where Olive Quick Decline Syndrome (OQDS) has devastated Apulian olive groves. This study addresses the urgent need to identify resistant olive genotypes by monitoring 16 potentially tolerant genotypes over six years, assessing symptom severity and bacterial load. These genotypes, which survived in heavily infected areas, showed varied responses to <i>Xfp</i>; some maintained low symptom severity with minimal bacterial presence (high or undetectable Cq values), while others exhibited increased bacterial loads yet remained asymptomatic or showed limited canopy desiccation. SSR markers were used to investigate the genetic relationships among these genotypes and other widespread Mediterranean cultivars, showing genetic similarity with the resistant ones such as the Albanian Kalinjot and the Greek Leucocarpa, as well as with local Apulian cultivars, highlighting the potential of local and Mediterranean olive germplasm for <i>Xfp</i> resistance. This study integrates phenotypic responses with genetic knowledge to support the development of conservation strategies that will enhance the genetic diversity of Apulian olive cultivars. In addition, by focusing on the resilience of the different olive genotypes, this research aims to protect the traditional cultivars from the emerging threats, thus preserving the ecological and cultural heritage of the olive biodiversity of the Mediterranean region.https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/14/2/157<i>Olea europea</i><i>Xylella fastidiosa</i>resistancetoleranceSSRgenotyping |
| spellingShingle | Mariangela Carlucci Michele Antonio Savoia Pompea Gabriella Lucchese Valentina Fanelli Isabella Mascio Francesco Luigi Aurelio Monica Marilena Miazzi Andrea Pacifico Cinzia Montemurro Franco Nigro Behavior of Olive Genotypes Against Quick Decline Syndrome (QDS) Caused by <i>Xylella fastidiosa</i> subsp. <i>pauca</i> in Apulia Plants <i>Olea europea</i> <i>Xylella fastidiosa</i> resistance tolerance SSR genotyping |
| title | Behavior of Olive Genotypes Against Quick Decline Syndrome (QDS) Caused by <i>Xylella fastidiosa</i> subsp. <i>pauca</i> in Apulia |
| title_full | Behavior of Olive Genotypes Against Quick Decline Syndrome (QDS) Caused by <i>Xylella fastidiosa</i> subsp. <i>pauca</i> in Apulia |
| title_fullStr | Behavior of Olive Genotypes Against Quick Decline Syndrome (QDS) Caused by <i>Xylella fastidiosa</i> subsp. <i>pauca</i> in Apulia |
| title_full_unstemmed | Behavior of Olive Genotypes Against Quick Decline Syndrome (QDS) Caused by <i>Xylella fastidiosa</i> subsp. <i>pauca</i> in Apulia |
| title_short | Behavior of Olive Genotypes Against Quick Decline Syndrome (QDS) Caused by <i>Xylella fastidiosa</i> subsp. <i>pauca</i> in Apulia |
| title_sort | behavior of olive genotypes against quick decline syndrome qds caused by i xylella fastidiosa i subsp i pauca i in apulia |
| topic | <i>Olea europea</i> <i>Xylella fastidiosa</i> resistance tolerance SSR genotyping |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/14/2/157 |
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