Visible-Light-Driven Degradation of Chloramphenicol Using CeO<sub>2</sub> Nanoparticles Prepared by a Supercritical CO<sub>2</sub> Route: A Proof of Concept
Recently, the extensive use of antibiotics has unavoidably resulted in the discharge of significant quantities of these drugs into the environment, causing contamination and fostering antibiotic resistance. Among various approaches employed to tackle this problem, heterogeneous photocatalysis has em...
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2025-01-01
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| author | Maria Chiara Iannaco Antonietta Mancuso Stefania Mottola Andrea Pipolo Vincenzo Vaiano Iolanda De Marco |
| author_facet | Maria Chiara Iannaco Antonietta Mancuso Stefania Mottola Andrea Pipolo Vincenzo Vaiano Iolanda De Marco |
| author_sort | Maria Chiara Iannaco |
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| description | Recently, the extensive use of antibiotics has unavoidably resulted in the discharge of significant quantities of these drugs into the environment, causing contamination and fostering antibiotic resistance. Among various approaches employed to tackle this problem, heterogeneous photocatalysis has emerged as a technique for antibiotic degradation. This study explores the potential of CeO<sub>2</sub> as a photocatalyst for the degradation of chloramphenicol. Supercritical antisolvent (SAS) processing was successfully employed to synthesize photocatalyst precursor nanoparticles. After thermal annealing, the CeO<sub>2</sub> samples were characterized through UV–Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy to evaluate the band gap energy values. Raman and FT-IR spectroscopy confirmed the presence of oxygen vacancies in the CeO<sub>2</sub> lattice. During photocatalytic experiments, the CeO<sub>2</sub> derived from the SAS-processed precursor exhibited superior photocatalytic performance compared to the catalyst synthesized from the non-micronized precursor. Various annealing temperatures were employed to tune the oxygen vacancy of CeO<sub>2</sub>. Furthermore, the impact of catalyst dosage and chloramphenicol concentration was investigated. Under optimal reaction conditions (25 mg L<sup>−1</sup> chloramphenicol and 2.25 g L<sup>−1</sup> catalyst dosage), a degradation efficiency of 64% was achieved. Finally, to elucidate the degradation mechanism, different scavengers (EDTA, benzoquinone, and isopropyl alcohol) were utilized, revealing that the superoxide radical is the primary species responsible for chloramphenicol degradation. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-377c6bb5717341f7bcfc05798444f870 |
| institution | Kabale University |
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| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
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| series | Nanomaterials |
| spelling | doaj-art-377c6bb5717341f7bcfc05798444f8702025-01-24T13:44:08ZengMDPI AGNanomaterials2079-49912025-01-0115210210.3390/nano15020102Visible-Light-Driven Degradation of Chloramphenicol Using CeO<sub>2</sub> Nanoparticles Prepared by a Supercritical CO<sub>2</sub> Route: A Proof of ConceptMaria Chiara Iannaco0Antonietta Mancuso1Stefania Mottola2Andrea Pipolo3Vincenzo Vaiano4Iolanda De Marco5Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, Salerno, ItalyDepartment of Industrial Engineering, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, Salerno, ItalyDepartment of Industrial Engineering, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, Salerno, ItalyDepartment of Industrial Engineering, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, Salerno, ItalyDepartment of Industrial Engineering, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, Salerno, ItalyDepartment of Industrial Engineering, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, Salerno, ItalyRecently, the extensive use of antibiotics has unavoidably resulted in the discharge of significant quantities of these drugs into the environment, causing contamination and fostering antibiotic resistance. Among various approaches employed to tackle this problem, heterogeneous photocatalysis has emerged as a technique for antibiotic degradation. This study explores the potential of CeO<sub>2</sub> as a photocatalyst for the degradation of chloramphenicol. Supercritical antisolvent (SAS) processing was successfully employed to synthesize photocatalyst precursor nanoparticles. After thermal annealing, the CeO<sub>2</sub> samples were characterized through UV–Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy to evaluate the band gap energy values. Raman and FT-IR spectroscopy confirmed the presence of oxygen vacancies in the CeO<sub>2</sub> lattice. During photocatalytic experiments, the CeO<sub>2</sub> derived from the SAS-processed precursor exhibited superior photocatalytic performance compared to the catalyst synthesized from the non-micronized precursor. Various annealing temperatures were employed to tune the oxygen vacancy of CeO<sub>2</sub>. Furthermore, the impact of catalyst dosage and chloramphenicol concentration was investigated. Under optimal reaction conditions (25 mg L<sup>−1</sup> chloramphenicol and 2.25 g L<sup>−1</sup> catalyst dosage), a degradation efficiency of 64% was achieved. Finally, to elucidate the degradation mechanism, different scavengers (EDTA, benzoquinone, and isopropyl alcohol) were utilized, revealing that the superoxide radical is the primary species responsible for chloramphenicol degradation.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/15/2/102supercritical CO<sub>2</sub> routeCe(acac)<sub>3</sub> nanoparticlesCeO<sub>2</sub>photocatalysisvisible lightchloramphenicol |
| spellingShingle | Maria Chiara Iannaco Antonietta Mancuso Stefania Mottola Andrea Pipolo Vincenzo Vaiano Iolanda De Marco Visible-Light-Driven Degradation of Chloramphenicol Using CeO<sub>2</sub> Nanoparticles Prepared by a Supercritical CO<sub>2</sub> Route: A Proof of Concept Nanomaterials supercritical CO<sub>2</sub> route Ce(acac)<sub>3</sub> nanoparticles CeO<sub>2</sub> photocatalysis visible light chloramphenicol |
| title | Visible-Light-Driven Degradation of Chloramphenicol Using CeO<sub>2</sub> Nanoparticles Prepared by a Supercritical CO<sub>2</sub> Route: A Proof of Concept |
| title_full | Visible-Light-Driven Degradation of Chloramphenicol Using CeO<sub>2</sub> Nanoparticles Prepared by a Supercritical CO<sub>2</sub> Route: A Proof of Concept |
| title_fullStr | Visible-Light-Driven Degradation of Chloramphenicol Using CeO<sub>2</sub> Nanoparticles Prepared by a Supercritical CO<sub>2</sub> Route: A Proof of Concept |
| title_full_unstemmed | Visible-Light-Driven Degradation of Chloramphenicol Using CeO<sub>2</sub> Nanoparticles Prepared by a Supercritical CO<sub>2</sub> Route: A Proof of Concept |
| title_short | Visible-Light-Driven Degradation of Chloramphenicol Using CeO<sub>2</sub> Nanoparticles Prepared by a Supercritical CO<sub>2</sub> Route: A Proof of Concept |
| title_sort | visible light driven degradation of chloramphenicol using ceo sub 2 sub nanoparticles prepared by a supercritical co sub 2 sub route a proof of concept |
| topic | supercritical CO<sub>2</sub> route Ce(acac)<sub>3</sub> nanoparticles CeO<sub>2</sub> photocatalysis visible light chloramphenicol |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/15/2/102 |
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