Assessment of the Effects of Albendazole-Loaded Sulfonated Graphene Oxide on Echinococcus granulosus Protoscoleces: An In Vitro Investigation
Objectives. Due to Albendazole’s relatively low efficacy and bioavailability, Echinococcosis has proven a challenge to manage successfully, with several studies investigating ways to improve the outcome, mainly showing mixed results. We, therefore, aimed to evaluate whether Sulfonated Graphene Oxide...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Wiley
2024-01-01
|
| Series: | Journal of Tropical Medicine |
| Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2024/4851392 |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1832569106983813120 |
|---|---|
| author | Mohammad Reza Lashkarizadeh Mohammad Shafie’ei Mahdiyeh Lashkarizadeh Seyed Mohammad Mousavi Ghazaleh Sheibani Zahra Akbari Haniyeh Daneshafruz Ali Derakhshani Faham Khamesipour |
| author_facet | Mohammad Reza Lashkarizadeh Mohammad Shafie’ei Mahdiyeh Lashkarizadeh Seyed Mohammad Mousavi Ghazaleh Sheibani Zahra Akbari Haniyeh Daneshafruz Ali Derakhshani Faham Khamesipour |
| author_sort | Mohammad Reza Lashkarizadeh |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Objectives. Due to Albendazole’s relatively low efficacy and bioavailability, Echinococcosis has proven a challenge to manage successfully, with several studies investigating ways to improve the outcome, mainly showing mixed results. We, therefore, aimed to evaluate whether Sulfonated Graphene Oxide (S-GO), as nanocarriers, could improve the mentioned outcome. Methods. Echinococcus protoscoleces were divided into four groups based on the agent they received, which comprised control, S-GO, Albendazole, and Albendazole-loaded S-GO (S-GO-Albendazole). Then, the Bax and Bcl-2 gene expression levels and the number of surviving protoscoleces in each group were determined. Results. Bax gene expression increased by 121% in the 50 μg/ml concentration of the S-GO-Albendazole, while Bcl-2 gene expression decreased by 64%. Moreover, S-GO-Albendazole was approximately 18% more effective at neutralizing protoscoleces than Albendazole and 14% and 31% more effective at improving the expression of the mentioned genes, respectively (p<0.05). In addition, the number of surviving protoscoleces after exposure to the mentioned concentration reduced by approximately 99%. Conclusions. S-GO, despite not having significant lethality on protoscoleces, significantly increased the lethality of Albendazole and, therefore, is a suitable nanocarrier. However, we recommend conducting in vivo and clinical studies to more accurately determine this nanocomplex’s potential and side effects. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-358180c8d3b94c50a29e26c4a9d55589 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1687-9694 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-01-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Tropical Medicine |
| spelling | doaj-art-358180c8d3b94c50a29e26c4a9d555892025-02-02T23:11:11ZengWileyJournal of Tropical Medicine1687-96942024-01-01202410.1155/2024/4851392Assessment of the Effects of Albendazole-Loaded Sulfonated Graphene Oxide on Echinococcus granulosus Protoscoleces: An In Vitro InvestigationMohammad Reza Lashkarizadeh0Mohammad Shafie’ei1Mahdiyeh Lashkarizadeh2Seyed Mohammad Mousavi3Ghazaleh Sheibani4Zahra Akbari5Haniyeh Daneshafruz6Ali Derakhshani7Faham Khamesipour8Research Center for Hydatid Disease in IranStudent Research CommitteePathology and Stem Cell Research CenterResearch Center for Hydatid Disease in IranMedical Student of First Faculty of Medicine Charles UniversityFaculty of MedicineDepartment of ChemistryResearch Center for Hydatid Disease in IranHalal Research Center of the Islamic Republic of Iran (IRI)Objectives. Due to Albendazole’s relatively low efficacy and bioavailability, Echinococcosis has proven a challenge to manage successfully, with several studies investigating ways to improve the outcome, mainly showing mixed results. We, therefore, aimed to evaluate whether Sulfonated Graphene Oxide (S-GO), as nanocarriers, could improve the mentioned outcome. Methods. Echinococcus protoscoleces were divided into four groups based on the agent they received, which comprised control, S-GO, Albendazole, and Albendazole-loaded S-GO (S-GO-Albendazole). Then, the Bax and Bcl-2 gene expression levels and the number of surviving protoscoleces in each group were determined. Results. Bax gene expression increased by 121% in the 50 μg/ml concentration of the S-GO-Albendazole, while Bcl-2 gene expression decreased by 64%. Moreover, S-GO-Albendazole was approximately 18% more effective at neutralizing protoscoleces than Albendazole and 14% and 31% more effective at improving the expression of the mentioned genes, respectively (p<0.05). In addition, the number of surviving protoscoleces after exposure to the mentioned concentration reduced by approximately 99%. Conclusions. S-GO, despite not having significant lethality on protoscoleces, significantly increased the lethality of Albendazole and, therefore, is a suitable nanocarrier. However, we recommend conducting in vivo and clinical studies to more accurately determine this nanocomplex’s potential and side effects.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2024/4851392 |
| spellingShingle | Mohammad Reza Lashkarizadeh Mohammad Shafie’ei Mahdiyeh Lashkarizadeh Seyed Mohammad Mousavi Ghazaleh Sheibani Zahra Akbari Haniyeh Daneshafruz Ali Derakhshani Faham Khamesipour Assessment of the Effects of Albendazole-Loaded Sulfonated Graphene Oxide on Echinococcus granulosus Protoscoleces: An In Vitro Investigation Journal of Tropical Medicine |
| title | Assessment of the Effects of Albendazole-Loaded Sulfonated Graphene Oxide on Echinococcus granulosus Protoscoleces: An In Vitro Investigation |
| title_full | Assessment of the Effects of Albendazole-Loaded Sulfonated Graphene Oxide on Echinococcus granulosus Protoscoleces: An In Vitro Investigation |
| title_fullStr | Assessment of the Effects of Albendazole-Loaded Sulfonated Graphene Oxide on Echinococcus granulosus Protoscoleces: An In Vitro Investigation |
| title_full_unstemmed | Assessment of the Effects of Albendazole-Loaded Sulfonated Graphene Oxide on Echinococcus granulosus Protoscoleces: An In Vitro Investigation |
| title_short | Assessment of the Effects of Albendazole-Loaded Sulfonated Graphene Oxide on Echinococcus granulosus Protoscoleces: An In Vitro Investigation |
| title_sort | assessment of the effects of albendazole loaded sulfonated graphene oxide on echinococcus granulosus protoscoleces an in vitro investigation |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2024/4851392 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT mohammadrezalashkarizadeh assessmentoftheeffectsofalbendazoleloadedsulfonatedgrapheneoxideonechinococcusgranulosusprotoscolecesaninvitroinvestigation AT mohammadshafieei assessmentoftheeffectsofalbendazoleloadedsulfonatedgrapheneoxideonechinococcusgranulosusprotoscolecesaninvitroinvestigation AT mahdiyehlashkarizadeh assessmentoftheeffectsofalbendazoleloadedsulfonatedgrapheneoxideonechinococcusgranulosusprotoscolecesaninvitroinvestigation AT seyedmohammadmousavi assessmentoftheeffectsofalbendazoleloadedsulfonatedgrapheneoxideonechinococcusgranulosusprotoscolecesaninvitroinvestigation AT ghazalehsheibani assessmentoftheeffectsofalbendazoleloadedsulfonatedgrapheneoxideonechinococcusgranulosusprotoscolecesaninvitroinvestigation AT zahraakbari assessmentoftheeffectsofalbendazoleloadedsulfonatedgrapheneoxideonechinococcusgranulosusprotoscolecesaninvitroinvestigation AT haniyehdaneshafruz assessmentoftheeffectsofalbendazoleloadedsulfonatedgrapheneoxideonechinococcusgranulosusprotoscolecesaninvitroinvestigation AT aliderakhshani assessmentoftheeffectsofalbendazoleloadedsulfonatedgrapheneoxideonechinococcusgranulosusprotoscolecesaninvitroinvestigation AT fahamkhamesipour assessmentoftheeffectsofalbendazoleloadedsulfonatedgrapheneoxideonechinococcusgranulosusprotoscolecesaninvitroinvestigation |