Selenium and Thyroid Disease: From Pathophysiology to Treatment
Introduction. Selenium is a micronutrient embedded in several proteins. In adults, the thyroid is the organ with the highest amount of selenium per gram of tissue. Selenium levels in the body depend on the characteristics of the population and its diet, geographic area, and soil composition. In the...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2017-01-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Endocrinology |
| Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/1297658 |
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| author | Mara Ventura Miguel Melo Francisco Carrilho |
| author_facet | Mara Ventura Miguel Melo Francisco Carrilho |
| author_sort | Mara Ventura |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Introduction. Selenium is a micronutrient embedded in several proteins. In adults, the thyroid is the organ with the highest amount of selenium per gram of tissue. Selenium levels in the body depend on the characteristics of the population and its diet, geographic area, and soil composition. In the thyroid, selenium is required for the antioxidant function and for the metabolism of thyroid hormones. Methods. We performed a review of the literature on selenium’s role in thyroid function using PubMed/MEDLINE. Results. Regarding thyroid pathology, selenium intake has been particularly associated with autoimmune disorders. The literature suggests that selenium supplementation of patients with autoimmune thyroiditis is associated with a reduction in antithyroperoxidase antibody levels, improved thyroid ultrasound features, and improved quality of life. Selenium supplementation in Graves’ orbitopathy is associated with an improvement of quality of life and eye involvement, as well as delayed progression of ocular disorders. The organic form of selenium seems to be the preferable formulation for supplementation or treatment. Conclusion. Maintaining a physiological concentration of selenium is a prerequisite to prevent thyroid disease and preserve overall health. Supplementation with the organic form is more effective, and patients with autoimmune thyroiditis seem to have benefits in immunological mechanisms. Selenium supplementation proved to be clinically beneficial in patients with mild to moderate Graves’ orbitopathy. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-3572bb3a353c46849b45110f6f5b0756 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1687-8337 1687-8345 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2017-01-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Endocrinology |
| spelling | doaj-art-3572bb3a353c46849b45110f6f5b07562025-02-03T06:00:52ZengWileyInternational Journal of Endocrinology1687-83371687-83452017-01-01201710.1155/2017/12976581297658Selenium and Thyroid Disease: From Pathophysiology to TreatmentMara Ventura0Miguel Melo1Francisco Carrilho2Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, PortugalDepartment of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, PortugalDepartment of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, PortugalIntroduction. Selenium is a micronutrient embedded in several proteins. In adults, the thyroid is the organ with the highest amount of selenium per gram of tissue. Selenium levels in the body depend on the characteristics of the population and its diet, geographic area, and soil composition. In the thyroid, selenium is required for the antioxidant function and for the metabolism of thyroid hormones. Methods. We performed a review of the literature on selenium’s role in thyroid function using PubMed/MEDLINE. Results. Regarding thyroid pathology, selenium intake has been particularly associated with autoimmune disorders. The literature suggests that selenium supplementation of patients with autoimmune thyroiditis is associated with a reduction in antithyroperoxidase antibody levels, improved thyroid ultrasound features, and improved quality of life. Selenium supplementation in Graves’ orbitopathy is associated with an improvement of quality of life and eye involvement, as well as delayed progression of ocular disorders. The organic form of selenium seems to be the preferable formulation for supplementation or treatment. Conclusion. Maintaining a physiological concentration of selenium is a prerequisite to prevent thyroid disease and preserve overall health. Supplementation with the organic form is more effective, and patients with autoimmune thyroiditis seem to have benefits in immunological mechanisms. Selenium supplementation proved to be clinically beneficial in patients with mild to moderate Graves’ orbitopathy.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/1297658 |
| spellingShingle | Mara Ventura Miguel Melo Francisco Carrilho Selenium and Thyroid Disease: From Pathophysiology to Treatment International Journal of Endocrinology |
| title | Selenium and Thyroid Disease: From Pathophysiology to Treatment |
| title_full | Selenium and Thyroid Disease: From Pathophysiology to Treatment |
| title_fullStr | Selenium and Thyroid Disease: From Pathophysiology to Treatment |
| title_full_unstemmed | Selenium and Thyroid Disease: From Pathophysiology to Treatment |
| title_short | Selenium and Thyroid Disease: From Pathophysiology to Treatment |
| title_sort | selenium and thyroid disease from pathophysiology to treatment |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/1297658 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT maraventura seleniumandthyroiddiseasefrompathophysiologytotreatment AT miguelmelo seleniumandthyroiddiseasefrompathophysiologytotreatment AT franciscocarrilho seleniumandthyroiddiseasefrompathophysiologytotreatment |