Physicochemical Characteristics and Water Quality Indices to Assess the Suitability of Groundwater Resources in some Communities of Kogi State, Nigeria

This paper aims to evaluate the physicochemical characteristics and water quality indices (WQI) to assess the suitability of groundwater resources in some communities of Kogi State, Nigeria using appropriate standard procedures. Data obtained show that pH, EC, TDS, and TSS, ranges from 6.18-7.44 (m...

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Main Authors: E. O. Akudo, O. Ibrahim, N. M. Muhammad, K. O. Musa, J. B. Ahmed II, G. O. Aigbadon
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Joint Coordination Centre of the World Bank assisted National Agricultural Research Programme (NARP) 2025-02-01
Series:Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.ajol.info/index.php/jasem/article/view/288024
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author E. O. Akudo
O. Ibrahim
N. M. Muhammad
K. O. Musa
J. B. Ahmed II
G. O. Aigbadon
author_facet E. O. Akudo
O. Ibrahim
N. M. Muhammad
K. O. Musa
J. B. Ahmed II
G. O. Aigbadon
author_sort E. O. Akudo
collection DOAJ
description This paper aims to evaluate the physicochemical characteristics and water quality indices (WQI) to assess the suitability of groundwater resources in some communities of Kogi State, Nigeria using appropriate standard procedures. Data obtained show that pH, EC, TDS, and TSS, ranges from 6.18-7.44 (mean – 6.68; std - ± 0.53), 85.26 – 90.23 μS/cm (mean - 88.32 μS/cm; std - ± 2.06 μS/cm), 162-194 mg/l (mean - 174.75 mg/l; std - ± 10.25 mg/l), 24-30 mg/l (27.75 mg/l; std - ± 2.25 mg/l), respectively. The physical parameter results all conformed to WHO standard for ingestible water except pH which presented mild acidity/alkalinity outside the recommended threshold. The chemical parameter results all suggest that the groundwater is not polluted and suitable for consumption. The heavy metals also, showed that the water is safe except aluminum (range – 0.7 – 1.2 mg/l; mean – 0.86; std - ± 0.15), that exceeded the 0.2 mg/l benchmark specified. The computed water quality index (WQI), and heavy metal evaluation index (HEI) revealed that the water is excellent and of low risk for consumption. The groundwater facies and water type indicated that the water is Ca – HCO3 type with bicarbonate dominating the water chemistry. This study further revealed that the groundwater ionic constituent is defined by rock weathering/mineral dissolution and suggest almost zero influence from anthropogenic sources. The water is also found from this research to be fit for consumption and other uses.
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institution Kabale University
issn 2659-1502
2659-1499
language English
publishDate 2025-02-01
publisher Joint Coordination Centre of the World Bank assisted National Agricultural Research Programme (NARP)
record_format Article
series Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management
spelling doaj-art-34e9606fdaf043aaa3a5a48d9a43ad442025-02-02T19:51:25ZengJoint Coordination Centre of the World Bank assisted National Agricultural Research Programme (NARP)Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management2659-15022659-14992025-02-01291Physicochemical Characteristics and Water Quality Indices to Assess the Suitability of Groundwater Resources in some Communities of Kogi State, NigeriaE. O. AkudoO. IbrahimN. M. MuhammadK. O. MusaJ. B. Ahmed IIG. O. Aigbadon This paper aims to evaluate the physicochemical characteristics and water quality indices (WQI) to assess the suitability of groundwater resources in some communities of Kogi State, Nigeria using appropriate standard procedures. Data obtained show that pH, EC, TDS, and TSS, ranges from 6.18-7.44 (mean – 6.68; std - ± 0.53), 85.26 – 90.23 μS/cm (mean - 88.32 μS/cm; std - ± 2.06 μS/cm), 162-194 mg/l (mean - 174.75 mg/l; std - ± 10.25 mg/l), 24-30 mg/l (27.75 mg/l; std - ± 2.25 mg/l), respectively. The physical parameter results all conformed to WHO standard for ingestible water except pH which presented mild acidity/alkalinity outside the recommended threshold. The chemical parameter results all suggest that the groundwater is not polluted and suitable for consumption. The heavy metals also, showed that the water is safe except aluminum (range – 0.7 – 1.2 mg/l; mean – 0.86; std - ± 0.15), that exceeded the 0.2 mg/l benchmark specified. The computed water quality index (WQI), and heavy metal evaluation index (HEI) revealed that the water is excellent and of low risk for consumption. The groundwater facies and water type indicated that the water is Ca – HCO3 type with bicarbonate dominating the water chemistry. This study further revealed that the groundwater ionic constituent is defined by rock weathering/mineral dissolution and suggest almost zero influence from anthropogenic sources. The water is also found from this research to be fit for consumption and other uses. https://www.ajol.info/index.php/jasem/article/view/288024Groundwater quality; Water quality indices; Heavy metals; Water type; Mineral dissolution
spellingShingle E. O. Akudo
O. Ibrahim
N. M. Muhammad
K. O. Musa
J. B. Ahmed II
G. O. Aigbadon
Physicochemical Characteristics and Water Quality Indices to Assess the Suitability of Groundwater Resources in some Communities of Kogi State, Nigeria
Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management
Groundwater quality; Water quality indices; Heavy metals; Water type; Mineral dissolution
title Physicochemical Characteristics and Water Quality Indices to Assess the Suitability of Groundwater Resources in some Communities of Kogi State, Nigeria
title_full Physicochemical Characteristics and Water Quality Indices to Assess the Suitability of Groundwater Resources in some Communities of Kogi State, Nigeria
title_fullStr Physicochemical Characteristics and Water Quality Indices to Assess the Suitability of Groundwater Resources in some Communities of Kogi State, Nigeria
title_full_unstemmed Physicochemical Characteristics and Water Quality Indices to Assess the Suitability of Groundwater Resources in some Communities of Kogi State, Nigeria
title_short Physicochemical Characteristics and Water Quality Indices to Assess the Suitability of Groundwater Resources in some Communities of Kogi State, Nigeria
title_sort physicochemical characteristics and water quality indices to assess the suitability of groundwater resources in some communities of kogi state nigeria
topic Groundwater quality; Water quality indices; Heavy metals; Water type; Mineral dissolution
url https://www.ajol.info/index.php/jasem/article/view/288024
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