A Formula Adaptive Pixel Pair Matching Steganography Algorithm
Pixel pair matching (PPM) is widely used in digital image steganography. As an important derivation, adaptive pixel pair matching method (APPM) offers low distortion and allows embedded digits in any notational system. However, APPM needs additional space to store, calculate, and query neighborhood...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2018-01-01
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| Series: | Advances in Multimedia |
| Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/7682098 |
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| author | Min Long Fenfang Li |
| author_facet | Min Long Fenfang Li |
| author_sort | Min Long |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Pixel pair matching (PPM) is widely used in digital image steganography. As an important derivation, adaptive pixel pair matching method (APPM) offers low distortion and allows embedded digits in any notational system. However, APPM needs additional space to store, calculate, and query neighborhood set, which needs extra cost. To solve these problems, a formula adaptive pixel pair matching (FAPPM) method is proposed in this paper. The basic idea of FAPPM is to use the formula to get the stego image pixel pair without searching the neighborhood set for the given image pixel pair. This will allow users to embed secret message directly without storing and searching the look-up table. Experimental results and analysis show that the proposed method could embed secret data directly without searching the neighborhood sets by using a formula and it still maintains flexibility in the selection of notional system, high image quality, and strong anti-steganalysis ability. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-34747359fcb043478ef9d9fea47c2634 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1687-5680 1687-5699 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2018-01-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Advances in Multimedia |
| spelling | doaj-art-34747359fcb043478ef9d9fea47c26342025-02-03T06:42:09ZengWileyAdvances in Multimedia1687-56801687-56992018-01-01201810.1155/2018/76820987682098A Formula Adaptive Pixel Pair Matching Steganography AlgorithmMin Long0Fenfang Li1College of Computer and Communication Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, 410114, ChinaCollege of Computer and Communication Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, 410114, ChinaPixel pair matching (PPM) is widely used in digital image steganography. As an important derivation, adaptive pixel pair matching method (APPM) offers low distortion and allows embedded digits in any notational system. However, APPM needs additional space to store, calculate, and query neighborhood set, which needs extra cost. To solve these problems, a formula adaptive pixel pair matching (FAPPM) method is proposed in this paper. The basic idea of FAPPM is to use the formula to get the stego image pixel pair without searching the neighborhood set for the given image pixel pair. This will allow users to embed secret message directly without storing and searching the look-up table. Experimental results and analysis show that the proposed method could embed secret data directly without searching the neighborhood sets by using a formula and it still maintains flexibility in the selection of notional system, high image quality, and strong anti-steganalysis ability.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/7682098 |
| spellingShingle | Min Long Fenfang Li A Formula Adaptive Pixel Pair Matching Steganography Algorithm Advances in Multimedia |
| title | A Formula Adaptive Pixel Pair Matching Steganography Algorithm |
| title_full | A Formula Adaptive Pixel Pair Matching Steganography Algorithm |
| title_fullStr | A Formula Adaptive Pixel Pair Matching Steganography Algorithm |
| title_full_unstemmed | A Formula Adaptive Pixel Pair Matching Steganography Algorithm |
| title_short | A Formula Adaptive Pixel Pair Matching Steganography Algorithm |
| title_sort | formula adaptive pixel pair matching steganography algorithm |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/7682098 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT minlong aformulaadaptivepixelpairmatchingsteganographyalgorithm AT fenfangli aformulaadaptivepixelpairmatchingsteganographyalgorithm AT minlong formulaadaptivepixelpairmatchingsteganographyalgorithm AT fenfangli formulaadaptivepixelpairmatchingsteganographyalgorithm |