CPAP delivered via a helmet interface in lightly sedated patients with moderate to severe ARDS: predictors of success outside the ICU

ABSTRACT Objective: This study aimed to describe the outcomes and explore predictors of intubation and mortality in patients with ARDS due to COVID-19 treated with CPAP delivered via a helmet interface and light sedation. Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study involving patients with COVID...

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Main Authors: Isabella de Melo Matos, Betina Santos Tomaz, Maria da Penha Uchoa Sales, Gabriela Carvalho Gomes, Antonio Brazil Viana Junior, Miguel R. Gonçalves, Marcelo Alcantara Holanda, Eanes Delgado Barros Pereira
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Sociedade Brasileira de Pneumologia e Tisiologia 2024-12-01
Series:Jornal Brasileiro de Pneumologia
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Online Access:http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1806-37132024000500603&lng=en&tlng=en
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Summary:ABSTRACT Objective: This study aimed to describe the outcomes and explore predictors of intubation and mortality in patients with ARDS due to COVID-19 treated with CPAP delivered via a helmet interface and light sedation. Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study involving patients with COVID-19-related ARDS who received CPAP using a helmet developed in Brazil (ELMO™), associated with a light sedation protocol in a pulmonology ward. Demographic, clinical, imaging, and laboratory data, as well as the duration and response to the ELMO-CPAP sessions, were analyzed. Results: The sample comprised 180 patients. The intubation avoidance rate was 72.8%. The lack of necessity for intubation was positively correlated with younger age, > 24-h continuous HELMET-CPAP use in the first session, < 75% pulmonary involvement on CT, and ROX index > 4.88 in the second hour. The overall in-hospital mortality rate was 18.9%, whereas those in the nonintubated and intubated groups were 3.0% and 61.2%, respectively. Advanced age increased the mortality risk by 2.8 times, escalating to 13 times post-intubation. Conclusions: ELMO-CPAP with light sedation in a pulmonology ward was successful in > 70% of patients with moderate to severe ARDS due to COVID-19. Younger age, pulmonary involvement, ROX index, and prolonged first Helmet-CPAP session duration were associated with no need for intubation. Older age and intubation are associated with mortality.
ISSN:1806-3756