Intracellular Membrane Contact Sites in Skeletal Muscle Cells
Intracellular organelles are common to eukaryotic cells and provide physical support for the assembly of specialized compartments. In skeletal muscle fibers, the largest intracellular organelle is the sarcoplasmic reticulum, a specialized form of the endoplasmic reticulum primarily devoted to Ca<...
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2025-01-01
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| Series: | Membranes |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0375/15/1/29 |
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| author | Matteo Serano Stefano Perni Enrico Pierantozzi Annunziatina Laurino Vincenzo Sorrentino Daniela Rossi |
| author_facet | Matteo Serano Stefano Perni Enrico Pierantozzi Annunziatina Laurino Vincenzo Sorrentino Daniela Rossi |
| author_sort | Matteo Serano |
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| description | Intracellular organelles are common to eukaryotic cells and provide physical support for the assembly of specialized compartments. In skeletal muscle fibers, the largest intracellular organelle is the sarcoplasmic reticulum, a specialized form of the endoplasmic reticulum primarily devoted to Ca<sup>2</sup><sup>+</sup> storage and release for muscle contraction. Occupying about 10% of the total cell volume, the sarcoplasmic reticulum forms multiple membrane contact sites, some of which are unique to skeletal muscle. These contact sites primarily involve the plasma membrane; among these, specialized membrane contact sites between the transverse tubules and the terminal cisternae of the sarcoplasmic reticulum form triads. Triads are skeletal muscle-specific contact sites where Ca<sup>2</sup><sup>+</sup> channels and regulatory proteins assemble to form the so-called calcium release complex. Additionally, the sarcoplasmic reticulum contacts mitochondria to enable a more precise regulation of Ca<sup>2</sup><sup>+</sup> homeostasis and energy metabolism. The sarcoplasmic reticulum and the plasma membrane also undergo dynamic remodeling to allow Ca<sup>2</sup><sup>+</sup> entry from the extracellular space and replenish the stores. This process involves the formation of dynamic membrane contact sites called Ca<sup>2</sup><sup>+</sup> Entry Units. This review explores the key processes in biogenesis and assembly of intracellular membrane contact sites as well as the membrane remodeling that occurs in response to muscle fatigue. |
| format | Article |
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| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2077-0375 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
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| spelling | doaj-art-336bc6eac6ce46f1bc5d8cf3028828622025-01-24T13:41:05ZengMDPI AGMembranes2077-03752025-01-011512910.3390/membranes15010029Intracellular Membrane Contact Sites in Skeletal Muscle CellsMatteo Serano0Stefano Perni1Enrico Pierantozzi2Annunziatina Laurino3Vincenzo Sorrentino4Daniela Rossi5Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, ItalyDepartment of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, ItalyDepartment of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, ItalyDepartment of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, ItalyDepartment of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, ItalyDepartment of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, ItalyIntracellular organelles are common to eukaryotic cells and provide physical support for the assembly of specialized compartments. In skeletal muscle fibers, the largest intracellular organelle is the sarcoplasmic reticulum, a specialized form of the endoplasmic reticulum primarily devoted to Ca<sup>2</sup><sup>+</sup> storage and release for muscle contraction. Occupying about 10% of the total cell volume, the sarcoplasmic reticulum forms multiple membrane contact sites, some of which are unique to skeletal muscle. These contact sites primarily involve the plasma membrane; among these, specialized membrane contact sites between the transverse tubules and the terminal cisternae of the sarcoplasmic reticulum form triads. Triads are skeletal muscle-specific contact sites where Ca<sup>2</sup><sup>+</sup> channels and regulatory proteins assemble to form the so-called calcium release complex. Additionally, the sarcoplasmic reticulum contacts mitochondria to enable a more precise regulation of Ca<sup>2</sup><sup>+</sup> homeostasis and energy metabolism. The sarcoplasmic reticulum and the plasma membrane also undergo dynamic remodeling to allow Ca<sup>2</sup><sup>+</sup> entry from the extracellular space and replenish the stores. This process involves the formation of dynamic membrane contact sites called Ca<sup>2</sup><sup>+</sup> Entry Units. This review explores the key processes in biogenesis and assembly of intracellular membrane contact sites as well as the membrane remodeling that occurs in response to muscle fatigue.https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0375/15/1/29endoplasmic reticulumsarcoplasmic reticulumcalcium signalingmuscle contraction |
| spellingShingle | Matteo Serano Stefano Perni Enrico Pierantozzi Annunziatina Laurino Vincenzo Sorrentino Daniela Rossi Intracellular Membrane Contact Sites in Skeletal Muscle Cells Membranes endoplasmic reticulum sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium signaling muscle contraction |
| title | Intracellular Membrane Contact Sites in Skeletal Muscle Cells |
| title_full | Intracellular Membrane Contact Sites in Skeletal Muscle Cells |
| title_fullStr | Intracellular Membrane Contact Sites in Skeletal Muscle Cells |
| title_full_unstemmed | Intracellular Membrane Contact Sites in Skeletal Muscle Cells |
| title_short | Intracellular Membrane Contact Sites in Skeletal Muscle Cells |
| title_sort | intracellular membrane contact sites in skeletal muscle cells |
| topic | endoplasmic reticulum sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium signaling muscle contraction |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0375/15/1/29 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT matteoserano intracellularmembranecontactsitesinskeletalmusclecells AT stefanoperni intracellularmembranecontactsitesinskeletalmusclecells AT enricopierantozzi intracellularmembranecontactsitesinskeletalmusclecells AT annunziatinalaurino intracellularmembranecontactsitesinskeletalmusclecells AT vincenzosorrentino intracellularmembranecontactsitesinskeletalmusclecells AT danielarossi intracellularmembranecontactsitesinskeletalmusclecells |