Time on task limits psychotherapy's role in reducing the societal burden of aggression
IntroductionAggression and violence, people's inhumanity to one another, are perhaps society's foremost problems. One approach to this problem is the provision of traditional clinical services through psychotherapy. Anger control is a learnable skill, but such learning requires “time on ta...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2025-05-01
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| author | Joseph Strayhorn Joseph Strayhorn Stephen V. Faraone Stephen V. Faraone Yanli Zhang-James |
| author_facet | Joseph Strayhorn Joseph Strayhorn Stephen V. Faraone Stephen V. Faraone Yanli Zhang-James |
| author_sort | Joseph Strayhorn |
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| description | IntroductionAggression and violence, people's inhumanity to one another, are perhaps society's foremost problems. One approach to this problem is the provision of traditional clinical services through psychotherapy. Anger control is a learnable skill, but such learning requires “time on task.” Our goal was to shed light on the potential impact of psychotherapy as a public health remedy, by studying how much psychotherapeutic intervention is being delivered to patients with impulsive aggression classified as Intermittent Explosive Disorder (IED).MethodUsing de-identified electronic health record data from TriNetX, collected from 87 medical institutions, we analyzed the distribution of psychotherapeutic sessions received by 32,322 individuals with IED.ResultsThe distribution of psychotherapeutic sessions is highly skewed, resembling a curve of inverse proportion. The mode and the median for sessions attended were zero; the mean was four sessions. Only about 25% of patients received any psychotherapy. Approximately 10% attended nine visits or more; 5% 30 or more; 2% 50 or more. Eighty percent of the psychotherapeutic labor went to the 7.5% of patients who could attend over 14 sessions; about half the psychotherapeutic labor went to the 2.5% of patients who could attend 40 or more sessions. Thus, a small subset of patients absorbed most of the psychotherapeutic labor, and most patients did not spend enough (or even any) psychotherapeutic time on task.DiscussionTraditional psychotherapy delivered through health care systems appears to deliver sufficient “time on task” to only a small subset of individuals with impulsive aggression. Multipronged public health solutions to aggression and violence must be pursued by society as a whole. The efforts of mental health professionals are important and necessary, but the job should not be delegated to clinicians alone. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-3328d185c1db4f719f8a5f086942ad22 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2296-2565 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-05-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Public Health |
| spelling | doaj-art-3328d185c1db4f719f8a5f086942ad222025-08-20T02:27:19ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Public Health2296-25652025-05-011310.3389/fpubh.2025.15706421570642Time on task limits psychotherapy's role in reducing the societal burden of aggressionJoseph Strayhorn0Joseph Strayhorn1Stephen V. Faraone2Stephen V. Faraone3Yanli Zhang-James4Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Norton College of Medicine at SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, United StatesClinical Psychology Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Norton College of Medicine at SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, United StatesDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Norton College of Medicine at SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, United StatesDepartment of Neuroscience and Physiology, Norton College of Medicine at SUNY Upstate Medical University, Institute for Human Performance, Syracuse, NY, United StatesDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Norton College of Medicine at SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, United StatesIntroductionAggression and violence, people's inhumanity to one another, are perhaps society's foremost problems. One approach to this problem is the provision of traditional clinical services through psychotherapy. Anger control is a learnable skill, but such learning requires “time on task.” Our goal was to shed light on the potential impact of psychotherapy as a public health remedy, by studying how much psychotherapeutic intervention is being delivered to patients with impulsive aggression classified as Intermittent Explosive Disorder (IED).MethodUsing de-identified electronic health record data from TriNetX, collected from 87 medical institutions, we analyzed the distribution of psychotherapeutic sessions received by 32,322 individuals with IED.ResultsThe distribution of psychotherapeutic sessions is highly skewed, resembling a curve of inverse proportion. The mode and the median for sessions attended were zero; the mean was four sessions. Only about 25% of patients received any psychotherapy. Approximately 10% attended nine visits or more; 5% 30 or more; 2% 50 or more. Eighty percent of the psychotherapeutic labor went to the 7.5% of patients who could attend over 14 sessions; about half the psychotherapeutic labor went to the 2.5% of patients who could attend 40 or more sessions. Thus, a small subset of patients absorbed most of the psychotherapeutic labor, and most patients did not spend enough (or even any) psychotherapeutic time on task.DiscussionTraditional psychotherapy delivered through health care systems appears to deliver sufficient “time on task” to only a small subset of individuals with impulsive aggression. Multipronged public health solutions to aggression and violence must be pursued by society as a whole. The efforts of mental health professionals are important and necessary, but the job should not be delegated to clinicians alone.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2025.1570642/fullintermittent explosive disorderpsychotherapy utilizationimpulsive angerdeliberate practicetime on taskaggression |
| spellingShingle | Joseph Strayhorn Joseph Strayhorn Stephen V. Faraone Stephen V. Faraone Yanli Zhang-James Time on task limits psychotherapy's role in reducing the societal burden of aggression Frontiers in Public Health intermittent explosive disorder psychotherapy utilization impulsive anger deliberate practice time on task aggression |
| title | Time on task limits psychotherapy's role in reducing the societal burden of aggression |
| title_full | Time on task limits psychotherapy's role in reducing the societal burden of aggression |
| title_fullStr | Time on task limits psychotherapy's role in reducing the societal burden of aggression |
| title_full_unstemmed | Time on task limits psychotherapy's role in reducing the societal burden of aggression |
| title_short | Time on task limits psychotherapy's role in reducing the societal burden of aggression |
| title_sort | time on task limits psychotherapy s role in reducing the societal burden of aggression |
| topic | intermittent explosive disorder psychotherapy utilization impulsive anger deliberate practice time on task aggression |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2025.1570642/full |
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