Pattern Strabismus: Where Does the Brain's Role End and the Muscle's Begin?
Vertically incomitant pattern strabismus comprises 50% of infantile horizontal strabismus. The oblique muscle dysfunction has been associated with pattern strabismus. High-resolution orbit imaging and contemporary neurophysiology studies in non-human primate models of strabismus have shed light into...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2013-01-01
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| Series: | Journal of Ophthalmology |
| Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/301256 |
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| author | Fatema F. Ghasia Aasef G. Shaikh |
| author_facet | Fatema F. Ghasia Aasef G. Shaikh |
| author_sort | Fatema F. Ghasia |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Vertically incomitant pattern strabismus comprises 50% of infantile horizontal strabismus. The oblique muscle dysfunction has been associated with pattern strabismus. High-resolution orbit imaging and contemporary neurophysiology studies in non-human primate models of strabismus have shed light into the mechanisms of pattern strabismus. In this review, we will examine our current understanding of etiologies of pattern strabismus. Speculated pathophysiology includes oblique muscle dysfunction, loss of fusion with altered recti muscle pull, displacements and instability in connective tissue pulleys of the recti muscles, vestibular hypofunction, and abnormal neural connections. Orbital mechanical factors, such as abnormal pulleys, were reported as a cause of pattern strabismus in patients with craniofacial anomalies, connective tissue disorders, and late-onset strabismus. In contrast, abnormal neural connections could be responsible for the development of a pattern in infantile-onset strabismus. Pattern strabismus is likely multifactorial. Understanding the mechanisms of pattern strabismus is pivotal to determine an appropriate surgical treatment strategy for these patients. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-32958ce39a47468c85340d70cdeba40b |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2090-004X 2090-0058 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2013-01-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Ophthalmology |
| spelling | doaj-art-32958ce39a47468c85340d70cdeba40b2025-02-03T01:01:15ZengWileyJournal of Ophthalmology2090-004X2090-00582013-01-01201310.1155/2013/301256301256Pattern Strabismus: Where Does the Brain's Role End and the Muscle's Begin?Fatema F. Ghasia0Aasef G. Shaikh1Cole Eye Institute, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195, USADepartment of Neurology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USAVertically incomitant pattern strabismus comprises 50% of infantile horizontal strabismus. The oblique muscle dysfunction has been associated with pattern strabismus. High-resolution orbit imaging and contemporary neurophysiology studies in non-human primate models of strabismus have shed light into the mechanisms of pattern strabismus. In this review, we will examine our current understanding of etiologies of pattern strabismus. Speculated pathophysiology includes oblique muscle dysfunction, loss of fusion with altered recti muscle pull, displacements and instability in connective tissue pulleys of the recti muscles, vestibular hypofunction, and abnormal neural connections. Orbital mechanical factors, such as abnormal pulleys, were reported as a cause of pattern strabismus in patients with craniofacial anomalies, connective tissue disorders, and late-onset strabismus. In contrast, abnormal neural connections could be responsible for the development of a pattern in infantile-onset strabismus. Pattern strabismus is likely multifactorial. Understanding the mechanisms of pattern strabismus is pivotal to determine an appropriate surgical treatment strategy for these patients.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/301256 |
| spellingShingle | Fatema F. Ghasia Aasef G. Shaikh Pattern Strabismus: Where Does the Brain's Role End and the Muscle's Begin? Journal of Ophthalmology |
| title | Pattern Strabismus: Where Does the Brain's Role End and the Muscle's Begin? |
| title_full | Pattern Strabismus: Where Does the Brain's Role End and the Muscle's Begin? |
| title_fullStr | Pattern Strabismus: Where Does the Brain's Role End and the Muscle's Begin? |
| title_full_unstemmed | Pattern Strabismus: Where Does the Brain's Role End and the Muscle's Begin? |
| title_short | Pattern Strabismus: Where Does the Brain's Role End and the Muscle's Begin? |
| title_sort | pattern strabismus where does the brain s role end and the muscle s begin |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/301256 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT fatemafghasia patternstrabismuswheredoesthebrainsroleendandthemusclesbegin AT aasefgshaikh patternstrabismuswheredoesthebrainsroleendandthemusclesbegin |