Exploring agricultural innovation: an empirical investigation of factors influencing the adoption and non-adoption of smart fertilizer technology among farmers in developing countries

Abstract This study examines the adoption and non-adoption of smart fertilizer technology among farmers in developing countries, addressing the critical challenges of food security, resource efficiency, and sustainability. Guided by the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) and...

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Main Authors: Nadia Adnan, Hafiz Mudassir Rehman, Mohammad Nurul Alam
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-06-01
Series:Agriculture & Food Security
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s40066-025-00529-0
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author Nadia Adnan
Hafiz Mudassir Rehman
Mohammad Nurul Alam
author_facet Nadia Adnan
Hafiz Mudassir Rehman
Mohammad Nurul Alam
author_sort Nadia Adnan
collection DOAJ
description Abstract This study examines the adoption and non-adoption of smart fertilizer technology among farmers in developing countries, addressing the critical challenges of food security, resource efficiency, and sustainability. Guided by the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) and Expectancy-Value Theory (EVT), the research highlights the role of cost-effectiveness, return on investment, and cultural factors in adoption decisions. Using a cross-sectional quantitative survey, data were collected from 353 farmers in Pakistan’s key granary regions through convenience sampling. Partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) analyzed the relationships among key variables, validating the measurement and structural models. The findings reveal that economic constraints, inadequate technical support, and entrenched traditional practices hinder adoption, while education, training, and collaborative efforts among governments, NGOs, and private sectors enhance accessibility and acceptance. The study’s novelty lies in integrating socio-economic, cultural, and psychological dimensions to provide a holistic understanding of adoption behaviors. By leveraging UTAUT and EVT, the research contributes to theory and practice, emphasizing the importance of tailored education programs, cost-reduction policies, and sustained technical support to promote smart fertilizer adoption. Policymakers and stakeholders are encouraged to design context-specific interventions to address barriers and foster sustainable agricultural innovations.
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language English
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series Agriculture & Food Security
spelling doaj-art-324fc84de3f34e84a8a321dfd5b519362025-08-20T03:21:02ZengBMCAgriculture & Food Security2048-70102025-06-0114112610.1186/s40066-025-00529-0Exploring agricultural innovation: an empirical investigation of factors influencing the adoption and non-adoption of smart fertilizer technology among farmers in developing countriesNadia Adnan0Hafiz Mudassir Rehman1Mohammad Nurul Alam2Department of Business Administration, College of Business Administration, Prince Mohammad Bin Fahd UniversityDepartment of Global Business & Enterprise, (Behavioral Lab), Ulster University Business School, Ulster UniversityDepartment of Management, Faculty of Business Administration, University of TabukAbstract This study examines the adoption and non-adoption of smart fertilizer technology among farmers in developing countries, addressing the critical challenges of food security, resource efficiency, and sustainability. Guided by the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) and Expectancy-Value Theory (EVT), the research highlights the role of cost-effectiveness, return on investment, and cultural factors in adoption decisions. Using a cross-sectional quantitative survey, data were collected from 353 farmers in Pakistan’s key granary regions through convenience sampling. Partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) analyzed the relationships among key variables, validating the measurement and structural models. The findings reveal that economic constraints, inadequate technical support, and entrenched traditional practices hinder adoption, while education, training, and collaborative efforts among governments, NGOs, and private sectors enhance accessibility and acceptance. The study’s novelty lies in integrating socio-economic, cultural, and psychological dimensions to provide a holistic understanding of adoption behaviors. By leveraging UTAUT and EVT, the research contributes to theory and practice, emphasizing the importance of tailored education programs, cost-reduction policies, and sustained technical support to promote smart fertilizer adoption. Policymakers and stakeholders are encouraged to design context-specific interventions to address barriers and foster sustainable agricultural innovations.https://doi.org/10.1186/s40066-025-00529-0Food securityAgricultural innovationSmart fertilizer technologyCrop productivityResource efficiency
spellingShingle Nadia Adnan
Hafiz Mudassir Rehman
Mohammad Nurul Alam
Exploring agricultural innovation: an empirical investigation of factors influencing the adoption and non-adoption of smart fertilizer technology among farmers in developing countries
Agriculture & Food Security
Food security
Agricultural innovation
Smart fertilizer technology
Crop productivity
Resource efficiency
title Exploring agricultural innovation: an empirical investigation of factors influencing the adoption and non-adoption of smart fertilizer technology among farmers in developing countries
title_full Exploring agricultural innovation: an empirical investigation of factors influencing the adoption and non-adoption of smart fertilizer technology among farmers in developing countries
title_fullStr Exploring agricultural innovation: an empirical investigation of factors influencing the adoption and non-adoption of smart fertilizer technology among farmers in developing countries
title_full_unstemmed Exploring agricultural innovation: an empirical investigation of factors influencing the adoption and non-adoption of smart fertilizer technology among farmers in developing countries
title_short Exploring agricultural innovation: an empirical investigation of factors influencing the adoption and non-adoption of smart fertilizer technology among farmers in developing countries
title_sort exploring agricultural innovation an empirical investigation of factors influencing the adoption and non adoption of smart fertilizer technology among farmers in developing countries
topic Food security
Agricultural innovation
Smart fertilizer technology
Crop productivity
Resource efficiency
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s40066-025-00529-0
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AT hafizmudassirrehman exploringagriculturalinnovationanempiricalinvestigationoffactorsinfluencingtheadoptionandnonadoptionofsmartfertilizertechnologyamongfarmersindevelopingcountries
AT mohammadnurulalam exploringagriculturalinnovationanempiricalinvestigationoffactorsinfluencingtheadoptionandnonadoptionofsmartfertilizertechnologyamongfarmersindevelopingcountries