Burden and factors associated with perceived stress amidst COVID-19: a population web-based study in Pakistan
Objective This study aims to determine the burden and factors associated with perceived stress in the Pakistani population amidst the COVID-19 pandemic.Setting A web-based cross-sectional survey was conducted from April to August 2020.Population This survey was broadcasted on the web using a Google...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
BMJ Publishing Group
2022-06-01
|
| Series: | BMJ Open |
| Online Access: | https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/12/6/e058234.full |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1832583880118370304 |
|---|---|
| author | Maryam Pyar Ali Lakhdir Romaina Iqbal Nargis Asad Apsara Ali Nathwani Syed Iqbal Azam Ghazal Peerwani |
| author_facet | Maryam Pyar Ali Lakhdir Romaina Iqbal Nargis Asad Apsara Ali Nathwani Syed Iqbal Azam Ghazal Peerwani |
| author_sort | Maryam Pyar Ali Lakhdir |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Objective This study aims to determine the burden and factors associated with perceived stress in the Pakistani population amidst the COVID-19 pandemic.Setting A web-based cross-sectional survey was conducted from April to August 2020.Population This survey was broadcasted on the web using a Google form link and 1654 Pakistani residents had completed this survey. Individuals belonging to any province, city, village, or district of Pakistan irrespective of any age, having internet access and a link of Google form, with English/Urdu competency, consent to participate, and currently residing in Pakistan were eligible to participate.Outcome measure Perceived stress was measured using a validated tool of perceived stress scale-10. Multiple ordinal regression was used, and an adjusted OR along with a 95% CI are reported.Results The mean score of perceived stress was 19.32 (SD ±6.67). Most of the participants screened positive for moderate (69%) and high levels (14%) of stress, respectively. The odds of high-perceived stress among severely anxious participants were 44.67 (95% CI: 21.33 to 93.53) times than participants with no/minimal generalised anxiety during the complete lockdown. However, the odds of high levels of perceived stress among moderately anxious respondents were 15.79 (95% CI: 10.19 to 24.28) times compared with participants with no/minimal anxiety during the smart lockdown.Conclusion This study evidence that the pandemic was highly distressing for the Pakistani population causing the maximum level of perceived stress in more than half of the population. Adequate and timely interventions are needed before high-stress levels culminate into psychological disorders. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-3211513ed9a1496e826f17a64a037a3d |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2044-6055 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2022-06-01 |
| publisher | BMJ Publishing Group |
| record_format | Article |
| series | BMJ Open |
| spelling | doaj-art-3211513ed9a1496e826f17a64a037a3d2025-01-28T02:50:13ZengBMJ Publishing GroupBMJ Open2044-60552022-06-0112610.1136/bmjopen-2021-058234Burden and factors associated with perceived stress amidst COVID-19: a population web-based study in PakistanMaryam Pyar Ali Lakhdir0Romaina Iqbal1Nargis Asad2Apsara Ali Nathwani3Syed Iqbal Azam4Ghazal Peerwani5Department of Community Health Sciences, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Sindh, PakistanDepartment of Community Health Sciences, The Aga Khan University, Karachi, PakistanDepartment of Psychiatry, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Sindh, PakistanDepartment of Paediatrics & Child Health, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Sindh, PakistanCommunity Health Sciences Department, Aga Khan University, Karachi, PakistanClinical Research Cardiology, Tabba Heart Institute, Karachi, PakistanObjective This study aims to determine the burden and factors associated with perceived stress in the Pakistani population amidst the COVID-19 pandemic.Setting A web-based cross-sectional survey was conducted from April to August 2020.Population This survey was broadcasted on the web using a Google form link and 1654 Pakistani residents had completed this survey. Individuals belonging to any province, city, village, or district of Pakistan irrespective of any age, having internet access and a link of Google form, with English/Urdu competency, consent to participate, and currently residing in Pakistan were eligible to participate.Outcome measure Perceived stress was measured using a validated tool of perceived stress scale-10. Multiple ordinal regression was used, and an adjusted OR along with a 95% CI are reported.Results The mean score of perceived stress was 19.32 (SD ±6.67). Most of the participants screened positive for moderate (69%) and high levels (14%) of stress, respectively. The odds of high-perceived stress among severely anxious participants were 44.67 (95% CI: 21.33 to 93.53) times than participants with no/minimal generalised anxiety during the complete lockdown. However, the odds of high levels of perceived stress among moderately anxious respondents were 15.79 (95% CI: 10.19 to 24.28) times compared with participants with no/minimal anxiety during the smart lockdown.Conclusion This study evidence that the pandemic was highly distressing for the Pakistani population causing the maximum level of perceived stress in more than half of the population. Adequate and timely interventions are needed before high-stress levels culminate into psychological disorders.https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/12/6/e058234.full |
| spellingShingle | Maryam Pyar Ali Lakhdir Romaina Iqbal Nargis Asad Apsara Ali Nathwani Syed Iqbal Azam Ghazal Peerwani Burden and factors associated with perceived stress amidst COVID-19: a population web-based study in Pakistan BMJ Open |
| title | Burden and factors associated with perceived stress amidst COVID-19: a population web-based study in Pakistan |
| title_full | Burden and factors associated with perceived stress amidst COVID-19: a population web-based study in Pakistan |
| title_fullStr | Burden and factors associated with perceived stress amidst COVID-19: a population web-based study in Pakistan |
| title_full_unstemmed | Burden and factors associated with perceived stress amidst COVID-19: a population web-based study in Pakistan |
| title_short | Burden and factors associated with perceived stress amidst COVID-19: a population web-based study in Pakistan |
| title_sort | burden and factors associated with perceived stress amidst covid 19 a population web based study in pakistan |
| url | https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/12/6/e058234.full |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT maryampyaralilakhdir burdenandfactorsassociatedwithperceivedstressamidstcovid19apopulationwebbasedstudyinpakistan AT romainaiqbal burdenandfactorsassociatedwithperceivedstressamidstcovid19apopulationwebbasedstudyinpakistan AT nargisasad burdenandfactorsassociatedwithperceivedstressamidstcovid19apopulationwebbasedstudyinpakistan AT apsaraalinathwani burdenandfactorsassociatedwithperceivedstressamidstcovid19apopulationwebbasedstudyinpakistan AT syediqbalazam burdenandfactorsassociatedwithperceivedstressamidstcovid19apopulationwebbasedstudyinpakistan AT ghazalpeerwani burdenandfactorsassociatedwithperceivedstressamidstcovid19apopulationwebbasedstudyinpakistan |