When thyroid met brain: the enigma of steroid responsive encephalopathy associated with autoimmune thyroiditis a case report
Steroid Responsive Encephalopathy Associated with Autoimmune Thyroiditis (SREAT), or Hashimoto’s encephalopathy, is a rare autoimmune neurological disorder linked to elevated antithyroid antibodies and presenting various neurological symptoms. This report deals with a case of a 54-year-old female wi...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2025-01-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Immunology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2025.1504967/full |
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| author | Palash Kotak Kashish Khurana Sarang Raut Saket Satyasham Toshniwal Sourya Acharya |
| author_facet | Palash Kotak Kashish Khurana Sarang Raut Saket Satyasham Toshniwal Sourya Acharya |
| author_sort | Palash Kotak |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Steroid Responsive Encephalopathy Associated with Autoimmune Thyroiditis (SREAT), or Hashimoto’s encephalopathy, is a rare autoimmune neurological disorder linked to elevated antithyroid antibodies and presenting various neurological symptoms. This report deals with a case of a 54-year-old female with a history of hypothyroidism who presented with hypertensive emergency and atypical neurological symptoms that deteriorated during the hospital stay. On testing, she was euthyroid. Initial investigations, including MRI and CSF analysis, were inconclusive, but high levels of antithyroid peroxidase (Anti TPO) antibodies confirmed the diagnosis of SREAT. The patient was managed with intravenous methylprednisolone, leading to rapid clinical improvement. SREAT, being a diagnosis of exclusion, presents with various neurological and neuropsychiatric symptoms that can be difficult to identify. This condition remains poorly understood, though autoimmune factors and antithyroid antibodies seem to play a role. Glucocorticoids remain the primary treatment choice. At the same time, other immunosuppressive agents are reserved for non-responders. This case highlights the critical importance of early diagnosis in SREAT, as early recognition and corticosteroid treatment can lead to significant recovery. Timely intervention is essential for improved patient prognosis, emphasizing the need for awareness of SREAT in patients with a history of hypothyroidism presenting with neurological symptoms. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-320c7068fa2f40868eff5431c935b2ba |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1664-3224 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Immunology |
| spelling | doaj-art-320c7068fa2f40868eff5431c935b2ba2025-01-31T05:10:20ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Immunology1664-32242025-01-011610.3389/fimmu.2025.15049671504967When thyroid met brain: the enigma of steroid responsive encephalopathy associated with autoimmune thyroiditis a case reportPalash KotakKashish KhuranaSarang RautSaket Satyasham ToshniwalSourya AcharyaSteroid Responsive Encephalopathy Associated with Autoimmune Thyroiditis (SREAT), or Hashimoto’s encephalopathy, is a rare autoimmune neurological disorder linked to elevated antithyroid antibodies and presenting various neurological symptoms. This report deals with a case of a 54-year-old female with a history of hypothyroidism who presented with hypertensive emergency and atypical neurological symptoms that deteriorated during the hospital stay. On testing, she was euthyroid. Initial investigations, including MRI and CSF analysis, were inconclusive, but high levels of antithyroid peroxidase (Anti TPO) antibodies confirmed the diagnosis of SREAT. The patient was managed with intravenous methylprednisolone, leading to rapid clinical improvement. SREAT, being a diagnosis of exclusion, presents with various neurological and neuropsychiatric symptoms that can be difficult to identify. This condition remains poorly understood, though autoimmune factors and antithyroid antibodies seem to play a role. Glucocorticoids remain the primary treatment choice. At the same time, other immunosuppressive agents are reserved for non-responders. This case highlights the critical importance of early diagnosis in SREAT, as early recognition and corticosteroid treatment can lead to significant recovery. Timely intervention is essential for improved patient prognosis, emphasizing the need for awareness of SREAT in patients with a history of hypothyroidism presenting with neurological symptoms.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2025.1504967/fullSREATHashimoto’s encephalopathyautoimmune encephalopathyantithyroid antibodiescorticosteroids |
| spellingShingle | Palash Kotak Kashish Khurana Sarang Raut Saket Satyasham Toshniwal Sourya Acharya When thyroid met brain: the enigma of steroid responsive encephalopathy associated with autoimmune thyroiditis a case report Frontiers in Immunology SREAT Hashimoto’s encephalopathy autoimmune encephalopathy antithyroid antibodies corticosteroids |
| title | When thyroid met brain: the enigma of steroid responsive encephalopathy associated with autoimmune thyroiditis a case report |
| title_full | When thyroid met brain: the enigma of steroid responsive encephalopathy associated with autoimmune thyroiditis a case report |
| title_fullStr | When thyroid met brain: the enigma of steroid responsive encephalopathy associated with autoimmune thyroiditis a case report |
| title_full_unstemmed | When thyroid met brain: the enigma of steroid responsive encephalopathy associated with autoimmune thyroiditis a case report |
| title_short | When thyroid met brain: the enigma of steroid responsive encephalopathy associated with autoimmune thyroiditis a case report |
| title_sort | when thyroid met brain the enigma of steroid responsive encephalopathy associated with autoimmune thyroiditis a case report |
| topic | SREAT Hashimoto’s encephalopathy autoimmune encephalopathy antithyroid antibodies corticosteroids |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2025.1504967/full |
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