Suppression of Macrophage Migration and M2 Polarization by an Ethanolic Extract of Scutellaria baicalensis Root
Objectives: The root of Scutellaria baicalensis (SB) exhibits various pharmacological activities, including anticancer effects. This study aimed to investigate the anticancer effects of the ethanolic extract of SB root (ESB), with a particular focus on its regulatory influence on tumor-associated ma...
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Korean Pharmacopuncture Institute
2025-06-01
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| Series: | Journal of Pharmacopuncture |
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| Online Access: | http://www.journal-jop.org/journal/view.html?doi=10.3831/KPI.2025.28.2.144 |
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| author | Hyun-Ji Park Shin-Hyung Park |
| author_facet | Hyun-Ji Park Shin-Hyung Park |
| author_sort | Hyun-Ji Park |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Objectives: The root of Scutellaria baicalensis (SB) exhibits various pharmacological activities, including anticancer effects. This study aimed to investigate the anticancer effects of the ethanolic extract of SB root (ESB), with a particular focus on its regulatory influence on tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). Methods: The effect of ESB on macrophage migration was evaluated using a transwell migration assay. Conditioned medium (CM) derived from lung cancer cells was used as a chemoattractant. M2 macrophage polarization was assessed by measuring the IL-4- or IL-6-induced expression of M2 macrophage markers (CD206, arginase-1, and IL-10) via realtime PCR. The phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) was analyzed by Western blotting. The effect of ESB-regulated M2 polarization on lung cancer cell migration was evaluated using a transwell migration assay with CM from macrophages. Results: ESB significantly inhibited the migration of both RAW 264.7 and THP-1 macrophages. In addition, ESB suppressed IL-4- and IL-6-induced M2 macrophage marker expression and reduced STAT3 phosphorylation, indicating the inhibition of macrophage polarization into the M2 phenotype. Furthermore, CM from M2-polarized RAW 264.7 cells enhanced Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) cell migration, whereas CM from RAW 264.7 cells co-treated with ESB and IL-6 markedly reversed this effect. Conclusion: These findings suggest that ESB attenuates macrophage migration and prevents M2 macrophage polarization, leading to the suppression of lung cancer cell migration. These results highlight the potential of ESB as an anticancer agent targeting TAMs. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-314846d9414b4b0a8c5b43b7d73f9b2c |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2093-6966 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-06-01 |
| publisher | Korean Pharmacopuncture Institute |
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| series | Journal of Pharmacopuncture |
| spelling | doaj-art-314846d9414b4b0a8c5b43b7d73f9b2c2025-08-20T02:10:08ZengKorean Pharmacopuncture InstituteJournal of Pharmacopuncture2093-69662025-06-0128214415310.3831/KPI.2025.28.2.144KPI.2025.28.2.144Suppression of Macrophage Migration and M2 Polarization by an Ethanolic Extract of Scutellaria baicalensis RootHyun-Ji Park0Shin-Hyung Park1Department of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Dong-Eui University, Busan, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Dong-Eui University, Busan, Republic of KoreaObjectives: The root of Scutellaria baicalensis (SB) exhibits various pharmacological activities, including anticancer effects. This study aimed to investigate the anticancer effects of the ethanolic extract of SB root (ESB), with a particular focus on its regulatory influence on tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). Methods: The effect of ESB on macrophage migration was evaluated using a transwell migration assay. Conditioned medium (CM) derived from lung cancer cells was used as a chemoattractant. M2 macrophage polarization was assessed by measuring the IL-4- or IL-6-induced expression of M2 macrophage markers (CD206, arginase-1, and IL-10) via realtime PCR. The phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) was analyzed by Western blotting. The effect of ESB-regulated M2 polarization on lung cancer cell migration was evaluated using a transwell migration assay with CM from macrophages. Results: ESB significantly inhibited the migration of both RAW 264.7 and THP-1 macrophages. In addition, ESB suppressed IL-4- and IL-6-induced M2 macrophage marker expression and reduced STAT3 phosphorylation, indicating the inhibition of macrophage polarization into the M2 phenotype. Furthermore, CM from M2-polarized RAW 264.7 cells enhanced Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) cell migration, whereas CM from RAW 264.7 cells co-treated with ESB and IL-6 markedly reversed this effect. Conclusion: These findings suggest that ESB attenuates macrophage migration and prevents M2 macrophage polarization, leading to the suppression of lung cancer cell migration. These results highlight the potential of ESB as an anticancer agent targeting TAMs.http://www.journal-jop.org/journal/view.html?doi=10.3831/KPI.2025.28.2.144scutellaria baicalensis roottumor-associated macrophagem2 macrophagelung cancermigration |
| spellingShingle | Hyun-Ji Park Shin-Hyung Park Suppression of Macrophage Migration and M2 Polarization by an Ethanolic Extract of Scutellaria baicalensis Root Journal of Pharmacopuncture scutellaria baicalensis root tumor-associated macrophage m2 macrophage lung cancer migration |
| title | Suppression of Macrophage Migration and M2 Polarization by an Ethanolic Extract of Scutellaria baicalensis Root |
| title_full | Suppression of Macrophage Migration and M2 Polarization by an Ethanolic Extract of Scutellaria baicalensis Root |
| title_fullStr | Suppression of Macrophage Migration and M2 Polarization by an Ethanolic Extract of Scutellaria baicalensis Root |
| title_full_unstemmed | Suppression of Macrophage Migration and M2 Polarization by an Ethanolic Extract of Scutellaria baicalensis Root |
| title_short | Suppression of Macrophage Migration and M2 Polarization by an Ethanolic Extract of Scutellaria baicalensis Root |
| title_sort | suppression of macrophage migration and m2 polarization by an ethanolic extract of scutellaria baicalensis root |
| topic | scutellaria baicalensis root tumor-associated macrophage m2 macrophage lung cancer migration |
| url | http://www.journal-jop.org/journal/view.html?doi=10.3831/KPI.2025.28.2.144 |
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