Geometrical Features of Subbasal Corneal Whorl-like Nerve Patterns in Dry Eye Disease
Purpose: To investigate the geometrical feature of the whorl-like corneal nerve in dry eye disease (DED) across different severity levels and subtypes and preliminarily explore its diagnostic ability. Design: Cross-sectional study. Participants: The study included 29 healthy subjects (51 eyes) and 6...
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Elsevier
2025-03-01
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| Series: | Ophthalmology Science |
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| author | Ziqing Feng, MD Kang Yu, MD Yupei Chen, MS Gengyuan Wang, MS Yuqing Deng, MD Wei Wang, MD Ruiwen Xu, MD Yimin Zhang, MD Peng Xiao, PhD Jin Yuan, MD, PhD |
| author_facet | Ziqing Feng, MD Kang Yu, MD Yupei Chen, MS Gengyuan Wang, MS Yuqing Deng, MD Wei Wang, MD Ruiwen Xu, MD Yimin Zhang, MD Peng Xiao, PhD Jin Yuan, MD, PhD |
| author_sort | Ziqing Feng, MD |
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| description | Purpose: To investigate the geometrical feature of the whorl-like corneal nerve in dry eye disease (DED) across different severity levels and subtypes and preliminarily explore its diagnostic ability. Design: Cross-sectional study. Participants: The study included 29 healthy subjects (51 eyes) and 62 DED patients (95 eyes). Methods: All subjects underwent comprehensive ophthalmic examinations, dry eye tests, and in vivo confocal microscopy to visualize the whorl-like corneal nerve at the inferior whorl (IW) region and the straight nerve at the central cornea. The structure of the corneal nerve was extracted and characterized using the fractal dimension (CNDf), multifractal dimension (CND0), tortuosity (CNTor), fiber length (CNFL), and numbers of branching points. Main Outcome Measures: The characteristics of quantified whorl-like corneal nerve metrics in different groups of severity and subtype defined by symptoms and signs of DED. Results: Compared with the healthy controls, the CNDf, CND0, and CNFL of the IW decreased significantly as early as grade 1 DED (P < 0.05), whereas CNTor increased (P < 0.05). These parameters did not change significantly in the straight nerve. As the DED severity increased, CNDf and CNFL in the whorl-like nerve further decreased in grade 3 DED compared with grade 1. Significant nerve fiber loss was observed in aqueous-deficient DED compared with evaporative DED (P < 0.05). Whorl-like nerve metrics correlated with ocular discomfort, tear film break-up time, tear secretion, and corneal fluorescein staining, respectively (P < 0.05). Furthermore, merging parameters of whorl-like and linear nerve showed an area under the curve value of 0.910 in diagnosing DED. Conclusions: Geometrical parameters of IW could potentially allow optimization of the staging of DED. Reliable and objective measurements for the whorl-like cornea nerve might facilitate patient stratification and diagnosis of DED. Financial Disclosure(s): Proprietary or commercial disclosure may be found in the Footnotes and Disclosures at the end of this article. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-312ff8993efe42f387f475a9ad581a18 |
| institution | Kabale University |
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| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-03-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
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| series | Ophthalmology Science |
| spelling | doaj-art-312ff8993efe42f387f475a9ad581a182025-01-18T05:05:26ZengElsevierOphthalmology Science2666-91452025-03-0152100669Geometrical Features of Subbasal Corneal Whorl-like Nerve Patterns in Dry Eye DiseaseZiqing Feng, MD0Kang Yu, MD1Yupei Chen, MS2Gengyuan Wang, MS3Yuqing Deng, MD4Wei Wang, MD5Ruiwen Xu, MD6Yimin Zhang, MD7Peng Xiao, PhD8Jin Yuan, MD, PhD9State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Centre, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Centre, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Centre, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Centre, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Centre, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Centre, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Centre, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Centre, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, ChinaPeng Xiao, PhD, 7 Jinsui Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, China, 510060.; State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Centre, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, ChinaCorrespondence: Jin Yuan, MD, PhD, 7 Jinsui Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, China, 510060.; State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Centre, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, ChinaPurpose: To investigate the geometrical feature of the whorl-like corneal nerve in dry eye disease (DED) across different severity levels and subtypes and preliminarily explore its diagnostic ability. Design: Cross-sectional study. Participants: The study included 29 healthy subjects (51 eyes) and 62 DED patients (95 eyes). Methods: All subjects underwent comprehensive ophthalmic examinations, dry eye tests, and in vivo confocal microscopy to visualize the whorl-like corneal nerve at the inferior whorl (IW) region and the straight nerve at the central cornea. The structure of the corneal nerve was extracted and characterized using the fractal dimension (CNDf), multifractal dimension (CND0), tortuosity (CNTor), fiber length (CNFL), and numbers of branching points. Main Outcome Measures: The characteristics of quantified whorl-like corneal nerve metrics in different groups of severity and subtype defined by symptoms and signs of DED. Results: Compared with the healthy controls, the CNDf, CND0, and CNFL of the IW decreased significantly as early as grade 1 DED (P < 0.05), whereas CNTor increased (P < 0.05). These parameters did not change significantly in the straight nerve. As the DED severity increased, CNDf and CNFL in the whorl-like nerve further decreased in grade 3 DED compared with grade 1. Significant nerve fiber loss was observed in aqueous-deficient DED compared with evaporative DED (P < 0.05). Whorl-like nerve metrics correlated with ocular discomfort, tear film break-up time, tear secretion, and corneal fluorescein staining, respectively (P < 0.05). Furthermore, merging parameters of whorl-like and linear nerve showed an area under the curve value of 0.910 in diagnosing DED. Conclusions: Geometrical parameters of IW could potentially allow optimization of the staging of DED. Reliable and objective measurements for the whorl-like cornea nerve might facilitate patient stratification and diagnosis of DED. Financial Disclosure(s): Proprietary or commercial disclosure may be found in the Footnotes and Disclosures at the end of this article.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666914524002057Artificial intelligenceCorneal confocal microscopyCorneal nerveDry eye disease |
| spellingShingle | Ziqing Feng, MD Kang Yu, MD Yupei Chen, MS Gengyuan Wang, MS Yuqing Deng, MD Wei Wang, MD Ruiwen Xu, MD Yimin Zhang, MD Peng Xiao, PhD Jin Yuan, MD, PhD Geometrical Features of Subbasal Corneal Whorl-like Nerve Patterns in Dry Eye Disease Ophthalmology Science Artificial intelligence Corneal confocal microscopy Corneal nerve Dry eye disease |
| title | Geometrical Features of Subbasal Corneal Whorl-like Nerve Patterns in Dry Eye Disease |
| title_full | Geometrical Features of Subbasal Corneal Whorl-like Nerve Patterns in Dry Eye Disease |
| title_fullStr | Geometrical Features of Subbasal Corneal Whorl-like Nerve Patterns in Dry Eye Disease |
| title_full_unstemmed | Geometrical Features of Subbasal Corneal Whorl-like Nerve Patterns in Dry Eye Disease |
| title_short | Geometrical Features of Subbasal Corneal Whorl-like Nerve Patterns in Dry Eye Disease |
| title_sort | geometrical features of subbasal corneal whorl like nerve patterns in dry eye disease |
| topic | Artificial intelligence Corneal confocal microscopy Corneal nerve Dry eye disease |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666914524002057 |
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