GPS and Galileo Precise Point Positioning Performance with Tropospheric Estimation Using Different Products: BRDM, RTS, HAS, and MGEX
The performance of Precise Point Positioning (PPP) using different Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) product sets, including broadcast ephemerides, International GNSS Service Real-Time Service (IGS-RTS) corrections, Galileo High Accuracy Service (HAS) corrections, and precise products from t...
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MDPI AG
2025-06-01
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| Series: | Remote Sensing |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/17/12/2080 |
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| author | Damian Kiliszek |
| author_facet | Damian Kiliszek |
| author_sort | Damian Kiliszek |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The performance of Precise Point Positioning (PPP) using different Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) product sets, including broadcast ephemerides, International GNSS Service Real-Time Service (IGS-RTS) corrections, Galileo High Accuracy Service (HAS) corrections, and precise products from the Center for Orbit Determination in Europe (CODE) Multi-GNSS Experiment (MGEX), has been evaluated. The availability of solutions, convergence time, position accuracy and Zenith Tropospheric Delay (ZTD) estimation across these products were analyzed using simulated real-time and postprocessing static modes, using data from globally distributed stations with a 1 s observation interval. The results indicate that precise products from the MGEX provide the highest accuracy, achieving centimeter-level precision in post-processed mode. Real-time simulated solutions, such as HAS and IGS-RTS, deliver promising results, with Galileo HAS meeting its target accuracy of 20 cm horizontally and 40 cm vertically and a convergence time under 5 min. However, Global Positioning System (GPS) performance within HAS is limited by a significantly lower correction availability—around 67% on average compared to over 95% for Galileo—which negatively impacts PPP performance. ZTD estimation results show that real-time services (HAS, IGS-RTS) achieved errors within 1–3 cm, sufficient for meteorological applications. This study highlights the growing importance of HAS in real-time positioning applications and suggests further improvements in GPS for enhanced performance. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-2fea3fbfb1ca4a4a92e47fea6563cfa0 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2072-4292 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Remote Sensing |
| spelling | doaj-art-2fea3fbfb1ca4a4a92e47fea6563cfa02025-08-20T03:29:47ZengMDPI AGRemote Sensing2072-42922025-06-011712208010.3390/rs17122080GPS and Galileo Precise Point Positioning Performance with Tropospheric Estimation Using Different Products: BRDM, RTS, HAS, and MGEXDamian Kiliszek0Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geodesy, Military University of Technology, Gen. S. Kaliskiego 2, 00-908 Warsaw, PolandThe performance of Precise Point Positioning (PPP) using different Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) product sets, including broadcast ephemerides, International GNSS Service Real-Time Service (IGS-RTS) corrections, Galileo High Accuracy Service (HAS) corrections, and precise products from the Center for Orbit Determination in Europe (CODE) Multi-GNSS Experiment (MGEX), has been evaluated. The availability of solutions, convergence time, position accuracy and Zenith Tropospheric Delay (ZTD) estimation across these products were analyzed using simulated real-time and postprocessing static modes, using data from globally distributed stations with a 1 s observation interval. The results indicate that precise products from the MGEX provide the highest accuracy, achieving centimeter-level precision in post-processed mode. Real-time simulated solutions, such as HAS and IGS-RTS, deliver promising results, with Galileo HAS meeting its target accuracy of 20 cm horizontally and 40 cm vertically and a convergence time under 5 min. However, Global Positioning System (GPS) performance within HAS is limited by a significantly lower correction availability—around 67% on average compared to over 95% for Galileo—which negatively impacts PPP performance. ZTD estimation results show that real-time services (HAS, IGS-RTS) achieved errors within 1–3 cm, sufficient for meteorological applications. This study highlights the growing importance of HAS in real-time positioning applications and suggests further improvements in GPS for enhanced performance.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/17/12/2080HASRTSPPPGPSGalileoZTD |
| spellingShingle | Damian Kiliszek GPS and Galileo Precise Point Positioning Performance with Tropospheric Estimation Using Different Products: BRDM, RTS, HAS, and MGEX Remote Sensing HAS RTS PPP GPS Galileo ZTD |
| title | GPS and Galileo Precise Point Positioning Performance with Tropospheric Estimation Using Different Products: BRDM, RTS, HAS, and MGEX |
| title_full | GPS and Galileo Precise Point Positioning Performance with Tropospheric Estimation Using Different Products: BRDM, RTS, HAS, and MGEX |
| title_fullStr | GPS and Galileo Precise Point Positioning Performance with Tropospheric Estimation Using Different Products: BRDM, RTS, HAS, and MGEX |
| title_full_unstemmed | GPS and Galileo Precise Point Positioning Performance with Tropospheric Estimation Using Different Products: BRDM, RTS, HAS, and MGEX |
| title_short | GPS and Galileo Precise Point Positioning Performance with Tropospheric Estimation Using Different Products: BRDM, RTS, HAS, and MGEX |
| title_sort | gps and galileo precise point positioning performance with tropospheric estimation using different products brdm rts has and mgex |
| topic | HAS RTS PPP GPS Galileo ZTD |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/17/12/2080 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT damiankiliszek gpsandgalileoprecisepointpositioningperformancewithtroposphericestimationusingdifferentproductsbrdmrtshasandmgex |