Identification of the Granule-Bound Starch Synthase (GBSS) Genes Involved in Amylose Biosynthesis in Tartary Buckwheat (<i>Fagopyrum tataricum</i> (L.) Gaertn.)
Tartary buckwheat is a nutrient-rich pseudo-cereal whose starch contents, including amylose and amylopectin contents, and their properties hold significant importance for enhancing yield and quality. The granule-bound starch synthase (GBSS) is a key enzyme responsible for the synthesis of amylose, d...
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2025-01-01
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| author | Juan Huang Fei Liu Jieqiong Zhang Bin Tang Jiao Deng Taoxiong Shi Liwei Zhu Hongyou Li Qingfu Chen |
| author_facet | Juan Huang Fei Liu Jieqiong Zhang Bin Tang Jiao Deng Taoxiong Shi Liwei Zhu Hongyou Li Qingfu Chen |
| author_sort | Juan Huang |
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| description | Tartary buckwheat is a nutrient-rich pseudo-cereal whose starch contents, including amylose and amylopectin contents, and their properties hold significant importance for enhancing yield and quality. The granule-bound starch synthase (GBSS) is a key enzyme responsible for the synthesis of amylose, directly determining the amylose content and amylose-to-amylopectin ratio in crops. Although one has already been cloned, the <i>GBSS</i> genes at the genome-wide level have not yet been fully assessed and thoroughly analyzed in Tartary buckwheat. This study comprehensively analyzed the <i>FtGBSSs</i> in Tartary buckwheat. Based on the genome data of Tartary buckwheat, five <i>FtGBSS</i> genes, namely <i>FtGBSS-1</i> to <i>FtGBSS-5</i>, were identified on three chromosomes, exhibiting about 1800 bp lengths in their CDSs and numerous exons and introns in gene structures. Amino acid analyses revealed high homology in ten GBSS proteins from Tartary buckwheat, rice, maize, and <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i>, with a specific starch synthase catalytic domain and ten conserved motifs. The Tartary buckwheat GBSS proteins had a closer relationship with GBSS proteins from monocot based on evolutionary relationship analysis. Expression analyses suggested that the <i>FtGBSS</i> genes showed distinct tissue-specific expression patterns in Tartary buckwheat and rice-Tartary buckwheat. Among them, <i>FtGBSS-1</i>, <i>FtGBSS-2</i>, and <i>FtGBSS-4</i> were higher expressed in the root, stem, or flower, suggesting that they have a role in the amylose synthesis of these tissues. Notably, <i>FtGBSS-3</i> and <i>FtGBSS-5</i> were more highly expressed in seeds than in other tissues, suggesting that they have a pivotal role in amylose synthesis of the seeds of Tartary buckwheat. Furthermore, the cis acting elements in the promoters of <i>FtGBSSs</i> and their binding transcription factors (TFs) were investigated. A protein–protein interaction network was constructed and co-expression was analyzed based on the gene expression patterns of the <i>FtGBSSs</i>, and the identified TFs, belonging to bZIP, ERF, bHLH, and MADS-box TF families, were identified within this network, and their expression patterns were significantly correlated to the expression patterns of two seed-specific <i>FtGBSS</i> genes (<i>FtGBSS-3</i> and <i>FtGBSS-5</i>). Finally, <i>FtGBSS1-5</i> was successfully transformed into rice through transgenic manipulation, and the <i>FtGBSS1-5</i> overexpression lines showed an increase in amylose content accompanied by a reduction in amylopectin and total starch contents compared with WT. Overall, this research not only deepens our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of amylose synthesis in Tartary buckwheat, but also provides scientific insights for enhancing crop amylose content and quality through molecular breeding. |
| format | Article |
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| spelling | doaj-art-2fdb368381854bcb8eee1458d5f78af72025-01-24T13:46:44ZengMDPI AGPlants2223-77472025-01-0114220310.3390/plants14020203Identification of the Granule-Bound Starch Synthase (GBSS) Genes Involved in Amylose Biosynthesis in Tartary Buckwheat (<i>Fagopyrum tataricum</i> (L.) Gaertn.)Juan Huang0Fei Liu1Jieqiong Zhang2Bin Tang3Jiao Deng4Taoxiong Shi5Liwei Zhu6Hongyou Li7Qingfu Chen8Research Center of Buckwheat Industry Technology, College of Life Science, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550025, ChinaResearch Center of Buckwheat Industry Technology, College of Life Science, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550025, ChinaGuizhou Provincial Agricultural Technology Extension Station, Guiyang 550001, ChinaResearch Center of Buckwheat Industry Technology, College of Life Science, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550025, ChinaResearch Center of Buckwheat Industry Technology, College of Life Science, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550025, ChinaResearch Center of Buckwheat Industry Technology, College of Life Science, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550025, ChinaResearch Center of Buckwheat Industry Technology, College of Life Science, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550025, ChinaResearch Center of Buckwheat Industry Technology, College of Life Science, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550025, ChinaResearch Center of Buckwheat Industry Technology, College of Life Science, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550025, ChinaTartary buckwheat is a nutrient-rich pseudo-cereal whose starch contents, including amylose and amylopectin contents, and their properties hold significant importance for enhancing yield and quality. The granule-bound starch synthase (GBSS) is a key enzyme responsible for the synthesis of amylose, directly determining the amylose content and amylose-to-amylopectin ratio in crops. Although one has already been cloned, the <i>GBSS</i> genes at the genome-wide level have not yet been fully assessed and thoroughly analyzed in Tartary buckwheat. This study comprehensively analyzed the <i>FtGBSSs</i> in Tartary buckwheat. Based on the genome data of Tartary buckwheat, five <i>FtGBSS</i> genes, namely <i>FtGBSS-1</i> to <i>FtGBSS-5</i>, were identified on three chromosomes, exhibiting about 1800 bp lengths in their CDSs and numerous exons and introns in gene structures. Amino acid analyses revealed high homology in ten GBSS proteins from Tartary buckwheat, rice, maize, and <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i>, with a specific starch synthase catalytic domain and ten conserved motifs. The Tartary buckwheat GBSS proteins had a closer relationship with GBSS proteins from monocot based on evolutionary relationship analysis. Expression analyses suggested that the <i>FtGBSS</i> genes showed distinct tissue-specific expression patterns in Tartary buckwheat and rice-Tartary buckwheat. Among them, <i>FtGBSS-1</i>, <i>FtGBSS-2</i>, and <i>FtGBSS-4</i> were higher expressed in the root, stem, or flower, suggesting that they have a role in the amylose synthesis of these tissues. Notably, <i>FtGBSS-3</i> and <i>FtGBSS-5</i> were more highly expressed in seeds than in other tissues, suggesting that they have a pivotal role in amylose synthesis of the seeds of Tartary buckwheat. Furthermore, the cis acting elements in the promoters of <i>FtGBSSs</i> and their binding transcription factors (TFs) were investigated. A protein–protein interaction network was constructed and co-expression was analyzed based on the gene expression patterns of the <i>FtGBSSs</i>, and the identified TFs, belonging to bZIP, ERF, bHLH, and MADS-box TF families, were identified within this network, and their expression patterns were significantly correlated to the expression patterns of two seed-specific <i>FtGBSS</i> genes (<i>FtGBSS-3</i> and <i>FtGBSS-5</i>). Finally, <i>FtGBSS1-5</i> was successfully transformed into rice through transgenic manipulation, and the <i>FtGBSS1-5</i> overexpression lines showed an increase in amylose content accompanied by a reduction in amylopectin and total starch contents compared with WT. Overall, this research not only deepens our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of amylose synthesis in Tartary buckwheat, but also provides scientific insights for enhancing crop amylose content and quality through molecular breeding.https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/14/2/203Tartary buckwheat (<i>Fagopyrum tataricum</i> (L.) Gaertn.)granule-bound starch synthase (GBSS)amylose biosynthesisgene expression patterncis acting elements (CAEs)transcription factors (TFs) |
| spellingShingle | Juan Huang Fei Liu Jieqiong Zhang Bin Tang Jiao Deng Taoxiong Shi Liwei Zhu Hongyou Li Qingfu Chen Identification of the Granule-Bound Starch Synthase (GBSS) Genes Involved in Amylose Biosynthesis in Tartary Buckwheat (<i>Fagopyrum tataricum</i> (L.) Gaertn.) Plants Tartary buckwheat (<i>Fagopyrum tataricum</i> (L.) Gaertn.) granule-bound starch synthase (GBSS) amylose biosynthesis gene expression pattern cis acting elements (CAEs) transcription factors (TFs) |
| title | Identification of the Granule-Bound Starch Synthase (GBSS) Genes Involved in Amylose Biosynthesis in Tartary Buckwheat (<i>Fagopyrum tataricum</i> (L.) Gaertn.) |
| title_full | Identification of the Granule-Bound Starch Synthase (GBSS) Genes Involved in Amylose Biosynthesis in Tartary Buckwheat (<i>Fagopyrum tataricum</i> (L.) Gaertn.) |
| title_fullStr | Identification of the Granule-Bound Starch Synthase (GBSS) Genes Involved in Amylose Biosynthesis in Tartary Buckwheat (<i>Fagopyrum tataricum</i> (L.) Gaertn.) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Identification of the Granule-Bound Starch Synthase (GBSS) Genes Involved in Amylose Biosynthesis in Tartary Buckwheat (<i>Fagopyrum tataricum</i> (L.) Gaertn.) |
| title_short | Identification of the Granule-Bound Starch Synthase (GBSS) Genes Involved in Amylose Biosynthesis in Tartary Buckwheat (<i>Fagopyrum tataricum</i> (L.) Gaertn.) |
| title_sort | identification of the granule bound starch synthase gbss genes involved in amylose biosynthesis in tartary buckwheat i fagopyrum tataricum i l gaertn |
| topic | Tartary buckwheat (<i>Fagopyrum tataricum</i> (L.) Gaertn.) granule-bound starch synthase (GBSS) amylose biosynthesis gene expression pattern cis acting elements (CAEs) transcription factors (TFs) |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/14/2/203 |
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