Burden of total and cause-specific mortality related to tobacco smoking among adults aged ≥ 45 years in Asia: a pooled analysis of 21 cohorts.
<h4>Background</h4>Tobacco smoking is a major risk factor for many diseases. We sought to quantify the burden of tobacco-smoking-related deaths in Asia, in parts of which men's smoking prevalence is among the world's highest.<h4>Methods and findings</h4>We performed...
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Public Library of Science (PLoS)
2014-04-01
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| Series: | PLoS Medicine |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1001631 |
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| author | Wei Zheng Dale F McLerran Betsy A Rolland Zhenming Fu Paolo Boffetta Jiang He Prakash Chandra Gupta Kunnambath Ramadas Shoichiro Tsugane Fujiko Irie Akiko Tamakoshi Yu-Tang Gao Woon-Puay Koh Xiao-Ou Shu Kotaro Ozasa Yoshikazu Nishino Ichiro Tsuji Hideo Tanaka Chien-Jen Chen Jian-Min Yuan Yoon-Ok Ahn Keun-Young Yoo Habibul Ahsan Wen-Harn Pan You-Lin Qiao Dongfeng Gu Mangesh Suryakant Pednekar Catherine Sauvaget Norie Sawada Toshimi Sairenchi Gong Yang Renwei Wang Yong-Bing Xiang Waka Ohishi Masako Kakizaki Takashi Watanabe Isao Oze San-Lin You Yumi Sugawara Lesley M Butler Dong-Hyun Kim Sue K Park Faruque Parvez Shao-Yuan Chuang Jin-Hu Fan Chen-Yang Shen Yu Chen Eric J Grant Jung Eun Lee Rashmi Sinha Keitaro Matsuo Mark Thornquist Manami Inoue Ziding Feng Daehee Kang John D Potter |
| author_facet | Wei Zheng Dale F McLerran Betsy A Rolland Zhenming Fu Paolo Boffetta Jiang He Prakash Chandra Gupta Kunnambath Ramadas Shoichiro Tsugane Fujiko Irie Akiko Tamakoshi Yu-Tang Gao Woon-Puay Koh Xiao-Ou Shu Kotaro Ozasa Yoshikazu Nishino Ichiro Tsuji Hideo Tanaka Chien-Jen Chen Jian-Min Yuan Yoon-Ok Ahn Keun-Young Yoo Habibul Ahsan Wen-Harn Pan You-Lin Qiao Dongfeng Gu Mangesh Suryakant Pednekar Catherine Sauvaget Norie Sawada Toshimi Sairenchi Gong Yang Renwei Wang Yong-Bing Xiang Waka Ohishi Masako Kakizaki Takashi Watanabe Isao Oze San-Lin You Yumi Sugawara Lesley M Butler Dong-Hyun Kim Sue K Park Faruque Parvez Shao-Yuan Chuang Jin-Hu Fan Chen-Yang Shen Yu Chen Eric J Grant Jung Eun Lee Rashmi Sinha Keitaro Matsuo Mark Thornquist Manami Inoue Ziding Feng Daehee Kang John D Potter |
| author_sort | Wei Zheng |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <h4>Background</h4>Tobacco smoking is a major risk factor for many diseases. We sought to quantify the burden of tobacco-smoking-related deaths in Asia, in parts of which men's smoking prevalence is among the world's highest.<h4>Methods and findings</h4>We performed pooled analyses of data from 1,049,929 participants in 21 cohorts in Asia to quantify the risks of total and cause-specific mortality associated with tobacco smoking using adjusted hazard ratios and their 95% confidence intervals. We then estimated smoking-related deaths among adults aged ≥45 y in 2004 in Bangladesh, India, mainland China, Japan, Republic of Korea, Singapore, and Taiwan-accounting for ∼71% of Asia's total population. An approximately 1.44-fold (95% CI = 1.37-1.51) and 1.48-fold (1.38-1.58) elevated risk of death from any cause was found in male and female ever-smokers, respectively. In 2004, active tobacco smoking accounted for approximately 15.8% (95% CI = 14.3%-17.2%) and 3.3% (2.6%-4.0%) of deaths, respectively, in men and women aged ≥45 y in the seven countries/regions combined, with a total number of estimated deaths of ∼1,575,500 (95% CI = 1,398,000-1,744,700). Among men, approximately 11.4%, 30.5%, and 19.8% of deaths due to cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and respiratory diseases, respectively, were attributable to tobacco smoking. Corresponding proportions for East Asian women were 3.7%, 4.6%, and 1.7%, respectively. The strongest association with tobacco smoking was found for lung cancer: a 3- to 4-fold elevated risk, accounting for 60.5% and 16.7% of lung cancer deaths, respectively, in Asian men and East Asian women aged ≥45 y.<h4>Conclusions</h4>Tobacco smoking is associated with a substantially elevated risk of mortality, accounting for approximately 2 million deaths in adults aged ≥45 y throughout Asia in 2004. It is likely that smoking-related deaths in Asia will continue to rise over the next few decades if no effective smoking control programs are implemented. Please see later in the article for the Editors' Summary. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-2f63f30813a64f36ab8c8f926e70e87f |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 1549-1277 1549-1676 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2014-04-01 |
| publisher | Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
| record_format | Article |
| series | PLoS Medicine |
| spelling | doaj-art-2f63f30813a64f36ab8c8f926e70e87f2025-08-20T02:31:39ZengPublic Library of Science (PLoS)PLoS Medicine1549-12771549-16762014-04-01114e100163110.1371/journal.pmed.1001631Burden of total and cause-specific mortality related to tobacco smoking among adults aged ≥ 45 years in Asia: a pooled analysis of 21 cohorts.Wei ZhengDale F McLerranBetsy A RollandZhenming FuPaolo BoffettaJiang HePrakash Chandra GuptaKunnambath RamadasShoichiro TsuganeFujiko IrieAkiko TamakoshiYu-Tang GaoWoon-Puay KohXiao-Ou ShuKotaro OzasaYoshikazu NishinoIchiro TsujiHideo TanakaChien-Jen ChenJian-Min YuanYoon-Ok AhnKeun-Young YooHabibul AhsanWen-Harn PanYou-Lin QiaoDongfeng GuMangesh Suryakant PednekarCatherine SauvagetNorie SawadaToshimi SairenchiGong YangRenwei WangYong-Bing XiangWaka OhishiMasako KakizakiTakashi WatanabeIsao OzeSan-Lin YouYumi SugawaraLesley M ButlerDong-Hyun KimSue K ParkFaruque ParvezShao-Yuan ChuangJin-Hu FanChen-Yang ShenYu ChenEric J GrantJung Eun LeeRashmi SinhaKeitaro MatsuoMark ThornquistManami InoueZiding FengDaehee KangJohn D Potter<h4>Background</h4>Tobacco smoking is a major risk factor for many diseases. We sought to quantify the burden of tobacco-smoking-related deaths in Asia, in parts of which men's smoking prevalence is among the world's highest.<h4>Methods and findings</h4>We performed pooled analyses of data from 1,049,929 participants in 21 cohorts in Asia to quantify the risks of total and cause-specific mortality associated with tobacco smoking using adjusted hazard ratios and their 95% confidence intervals. We then estimated smoking-related deaths among adults aged ≥45 y in 2004 in Bangladesh, India, mainland China, Japan, Republic of Korea, Singapore, and Taiwan-accounting for ∼71% of Asia's total population. An approximately 1.44-fold (95% CI = 1.37-1.51) and 1.48-fold (1.38-1.58) elevated risk of death from any cause was found in male and female ever-smokers, respectively. In 2004, active tobacco smoking accounted for approximately 15.8% (95% CI = 14.3%-17.2%) and 3.3% (2.6%-4.0%) of deaths, respectively, in men and women aged ≥45 y in the seven countries/regions combined, with a total number of estimated deaths of ∼1,575,500 (95% CI = 1,398,000-1,744,700). Among men, approximately 11.4%, 30.5%, and 19.8% of deaths due to cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and respiratory diseases, respectively, were attributable to tobacco smoking. Corresponding proportions for East Asian women were 3.7%, 4.6%, and 1.7%, respectively. The strongest association with tobacco smoking was found for lung cancer: a 3- to 4-fold elevated risk, accounting for 60.5% and 16.7% of lung cancer deaths, respectively, in Asian men and East Asian women aged ≥45 y.<h4>Conclusions</h4>Tobacco smoking is associated with a substantially elevated risk of mortality, accounting for approximately 2 million deaths in adults aged ≥45 y throughout Asia in 2004. It is likely that smoking-related deaths in Asia will continue to rise over the next few decades if no effective smoking control programs are implemented. Please see later in the article for the Editors' Summary.https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1001631 |
| spellingShingle | Wei Zheng Dale F McLerran Betsy A Rolland Zhenming Fu Paolo Boffetta Jiang He Prakash Chandra Gupta Kunnambath Ramadas Shoichiro Tsugane Fujiko Irie Akiko Tamakoshi Yu-Tang Gao Woon-Puay Koh Xiao-Ou Shu Kotaro Ozasa Yoshikazu Nishino Ichiro Tsuji Hideo Tanaka Chien-Jen Chen Jian-Min Yuan Yoon-Ok Ahn Keun-Young Yoo Habibul Ahsan Wen-Harn Pan You-Lin Qiao Dongfeng Gu Mangesh Suryakant Pednekar Catherine Sauvaget Norie Sawada Toshimi Sairenchi Gong Yang Renwei Wang Yong-Bing Xiang Waka Ohishi Masako Kakizaki Takashi Watanabe Isao Oze San-Lin You Yumi Sugawara Lesley M Butler Dong-Hyun Kim Sue K Park Faruque Parvez Shao-Yuan Chuang Jin-Hu Fan Chen-Yang Shen Yu Chen Eric J Grant Jung Eun Lee Rashmi Sinha Keitaro Matsuo Mark Thornquist Manami Inoue Ziding Feng Daehee Kang John D Potter Burden of total and cause-specific mortality related to tobacco smoking among adults aged ≥ 45 years in Asia: a pooled analysis of 21 cohorts. PLoS Medicine |
| title | Burden of total and cause-specific mortality related to tobacco smoking among adults aged ≥ 45 years in Asia: a pooled analysis of 21 cohorts. |
| title_full | Burden of total and cause-specific mortality related to tobacco smoking among adults aged ≥ 45 years in Asia: a pooled analysis of 21 cohorts. |
| title_fullStr | Burden of total and cause-specific mortality related to tobacco smoking among adults aged ≥ 45 years in Asia: a pooled analysis of 21 cohorts. |
| title_full_unstemmed | Burden of total and cause-specific mortality related to tobacco smoking among adults aged ≥ 45 years in Asia: a pooled analysis of 21 cohorts. |
| title_short | Burden of total and cause-specific mortality related to tobacco smoking among adults aged ≥ 45 years in Asia: a pooled analysis of 21 cohorts. |
| title_sort | burden of total and cause specific mortality related to tobacco smoking among adults aged ≥ 45 years in asia a pooled analysis of 21 cohorts |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1001631 |
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