On-chip real-time detection of optical frequency variations with ultrahigh resolution using the sine-cosine encoder approach
Abstract Real-time measurement of optical frequency variations (OFVs) is crucial for various applications including laser frequency control, optical computing, and optical sensing. Traditional devices, though accurate, are often too large, slow, and costly. Here we present a photonic integrated circ...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Nature Portfolio
2025-03-01
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| Series: | Nature Communications |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-58251-1 |
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| author | X. Steve Yao Yulong Yang Xiaosong Ma Zhongjin Lin Yuntao Zhu Wei Ke Heyun Tan Xichen Wang Xinlun Cai |
| author_facet | X. Steve Yao Yulong Yang Xiaosong Ma Zhongjin Lin Yuntao Zhu Wei Ke Heyun Tan Xichen Wang Xinlun Cai |
| author_sort | X. Steve Yao |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Real-time measurement of optical frequency variations (OFVs) is crucial for various applications including laser frequency control, optical computing, and optical sensing. Traditional devices, though accurate, are often too large, slow, and costly. Here we present a photonic integrated circuit (PIC) chip, utilizing the sine-cosine encoder principle, for high-speed and high-resolution real-time OFV measurement. Fabricated on a thin film lithium niobate (TFLN) platform, this chip-sized optical frequency detector (OFD) (5.5 mm × 2.7 mm) achieves a speed of up to 2500 THz/s and a resolution as fine as 2 MHz over a range exceeding 160 nm. Our robust algorithm overcomes the device imperfections and ensures precise quantification of OFV parameters. As a practical demonstration, the PIC OFD surpasses existing fiber Bragg grating (FBG) interrogators in sensitivity and speed for strain and vibration measurements. This work opens new avenues for on-chip OFV detection and offers significant potential for diverse applications involving OFV measurement. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-2f57caa8d3564029b42e2b7cda0cd2ce |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2041-1723 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-03-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Nature Communications |
| spelling | doaj-art-2f57caa8d3564029b42e2b7cda0cd2ce2025-08-20T02:25:40ZengNature PortfolioNature Communications2041-17232025-03-0116111210.1038/s41467-025-58251-1On-chip real-time detection of optical frequency variations with ultrahigh resolution using the sine-cosine encoder approachX. Steve Yao0Yulong Yang1Xiaosong Ma2Zhongjin Lin3Yuntao Zhu4Wei Ke5Heyun Tan6Xichen Wang7Xinlun Cai8Photonics Information Innovation Center and Hebei Provincial Center for Optical Sensing Innovations, College of Physics Science and Technology, Hebei UniversityPhotonics Information Innovation Center and Hebei Provincial Center for Optical Sensing Innovations, College of Physics Science and Technology, Hebei UniversityPhotonics Information Innovation Center and Hebei Provincial Center for Optical Sensing Innovations, College of Physics Science and Technology, Hebei UniversityState Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen UniversityState Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen UniversityLiobate TechnologiesState Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen UniversityNeoPIC TechnologiesState Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen UniversityAbstract Real-time measurement of optical frequency variations (OFVs) is crucial for various applications including laser frequency control, optical computing, and optical sensing. Traditional devices, though accurate, are often too large, slow, and costly. Here we present a photonic integrated circuit (PIC) chip, utilizing the sine-cosine encoder principle, for high-speed and high-resolution real-time OFV measurement. Fabricated on a thin film lithium niobate (TFLN) platform, this chip-sized optical frequency detector (OFD) (5.5 mm × 2.7 mm) achieves a speed of up to 2500 THz/s and a resolution as fine as 2 MHz over a range exceeding 160 nm. Our robust algorithm overcomes the device imperfections and ensures precise quantification of OFV parameters. As a practical demonstration, the PIC OFD surpasses existing fiber Bragg grating (FBG) interrogators in sensitivity and speed for strain and vibration measurements. This work opens new avenues for on-chip OFV detection and offers significant potential for diverse applications involving OFV measurement.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-58251-1 |
| spellingShingle | X. Steve Yao Yulong Yang Xiaosong Ma Zhongjin Lin Yuntao Zhu Wei Ke Heyun Tan Xichen Wang Xinlun Cai On-chip real-time detection of optical frequency variations with ultrahigh resolution using the sine-cosine encoder approach Nature Communications |
| title | On-chip real-time detection of optical frequency variations with ultrahigh resolution using the sine-cosine encoder approach |
| title_full | On-chip real-time detection of optical frequency variations with ultrahigh resolution using the sine-cosine encoder approach |
| title_fullStr | On-chip real-time detection of optical frequency variations with ultrahigh resolution using the sine-cosine encoder approach |
| title_full_unstemmed | On-chip real-time detection of optical frequency variations with ultrahigh resolution using the sine-cosine encoder approach |
| title_short | On-chip real-time detection of optical frequency variations with ultrahigh resolution using the sine-cosine encoder approach |
| title_sort | on chip real time detection of optical frequency variations with ultrahigh resolution using the sine cosine encoder approach |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-58251-1 |
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