Effect of ocean acidification on the oxygen consumption of the sea urchins Paracentrotus lividus (Lamarck, 1816) and Arbacia lixula (Linnaeus, 1758) living in CO2 natural gradients
Ocean acidification (OA) stands out as one of the main threats to marine ecosystems. OA leads to a reduction in the availability of carbonate ions, which are essential for marine calcifiers such as echinoderms. We aim to understand the physiological responses of two sea urchin species, Paracentrotus...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2025-02-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Marine Science |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2025.1500646/full |
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| author | Robert Fernández-Vilert Robert Fernández-Vilert Vanessa Arranz Vanessa Arranz Marta Martín-Huete Marta Martín-Huete José Carlos Hernández Sara González-Delgado Sara González-Delgado Rocío Pérez-Portela Rocío Pérez-Portela |
| author_facet | Robert Fernández-Vilert Robert Fernández-Vilert Vanessa Arranz Vanessa Arranz Marta Martín-Huete Marta Martín-Huete José Carlos Hernández Sara González-Delgado Sara González-Delgado Rocío Pérez-Portela Rocío Pérez-Portela |
| author_sort | Robert Fernández-Vilert |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Ocean acidification (OA) stands out as one of the main threats to marine ecosystems. OA leads to a reduction in the availability of carbonate ions, which are essential for marine calcifiers such as echinoderms. We aim to understand the physiological responses of two sea urchin species, Paracentrotus lividus and Arbacia lixula to low pH conditions and determine whether their responses result from phenotypic plasticity or local adaptation. The study is divided into two parts: plasticity response over time, measuring respiration rates of individuals from the Mediterranean Sea exposed to low pH over seven days, and adaptation and plasticity under changing pH, analyzing individuals inhabiting a pH gradient in a natural CO2 vent system located in La Palma Island, Spain. Over the seven days of low pH exposure, distinct patterns in respiration rates were revealed, with both species demonstrating potential for acclimatization. Notably, P. lividus and A. lixula displayed unsynchronized acidosis/alkalosis cycles, suggesting different physiological mechanisms. Additionally, environmental history seemed to influence adaptive capacity, as specimens from fluctuating pH environments exhibited respiration rates similar to those from stable environments with heightened phenotypic plasticity. Overall, our results suggest that both species possess the capacity for metabolic plasticity, which may enhance their resilience to future OA scenarios but likely involve energetic costs. Moreover, CO2 vent systems may serve as OA refugia, facilitating long-term survival. Understanding the plastic responses versus adaptations is crucial for predicting the effects of OA on species distribution and abundance of marine organisms in response to ongoing climate change. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-2f2357e73a3049a5818b10f42050ccc0 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2296-7745 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-02-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Marine Science |
| spelling | doaj-art-2f2357e73a3049a5818b10f42050ccc02025-02-04T05:27:56ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Marine Science2296-77452025-02-011210.3389/fmars.2025.15006461500646Effect of ocean acidification on the oxygen consumption of the sea urchins Paracentrotus lividus (Lamarck, 1816) and Arbacia lixula (Linnaeus, 1758) living in CO2 natural gradientsRobert Fernández-Vilert0Robert Fernández-Vilert1Vanessa Arranz2Vanessa Arranz3Marta Martín-Huete4Marta Martín-Huete5José Carlos Hernández6Sara González-Delgado7Sara González-Delgado8Rocío Pérez-Portela9Rocío Pérez-Portela10Dept. de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, SpainInstitut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, SpainDept. de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, SpainInstitut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, SpainDept. de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, SpainInstitut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, SpainDept. Biología Animal, Edafología y Geología, Universidad de La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, SpainDept. de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, SpainInstitut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, SpainDept. de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, SpainInstitut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, SpainOcean acidification (OA) stands out as one of the main threats to marine ecosystems. OA leads to a reduction in the availability of carbonate ions, which are essential for marine calcifiers such as echinoderms. We aim to understand the physiological responses of two sea urchin species, Paracentrotus lividus and Arbacia lixula to low pH conditions and determine whether their responses result from phenotypic plasticity or local adaptation. The study is divided into two parts: plasticity response over time, measuring respiration rates of individuals from the Mediterranean Sea exposed to low pH over seven days, and adaptation and plasticity under changing pH, analyzing individuals inhabiting a pH gradient in a natural CO2 vent system located in La Palma Island, Spain. Over the seven days of low pH exposure, distinct patterns in respiration rates were revealed, with both species demonstrating potential for acclimatization. Notably, P. lividus and A. lixula displayed unsynchronized acidosis/alkalosis cycles, suggesting different physiological mechanisms. Additionally, environmental history seemed to influence adaptive capacity, as specimens from fluctuating pH environments exhibited respiration rates similar to those from stable environments with heightened phenotypic plasticity. Overall, our results suggest that both species possess the capacity for metabolic plasticity, which may enhance their resilience to future OA scenarios but likely involve energetic costs. Moreover, CO2 vent systems may serve as OA refugia, facilitating long-term survival. Understanding the plastic responses versus adaptations is crucial for predicting the effects of OA on species distribution and abundance of marine organisms in response to ongoing climate change.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2025.1500646/fullechinodermsaquatic respirometrymetabolismclimate changeCO2 vent |
| spellingShingle | Robert Fernández-Vilert Robert Fernández-Vilert Vanessa Arranz Vanessa Arranz Marta Martín-Huete Marta Martín-Huete José Carlos Hernández Sara González-Delgado Sara González-Delgado Rocío Pérez-Portela Rocío Pérez-Portela Effect of ocean acidification on the oxygen consumption of the sea urchins Paracentrotus lividus (Lamarck, 1816) and Arbacia lixula (Linnaeus, 1758) living in CO2 natural gradients Frontiers in Marine Science echinoderms aquatic respirometry metabolism climate change CO2 vent |
| title | Effect of ocean acidification on the oxygen consumption of the sea urchins Paracentrotus lividus (Lamarck, 1816) and Arbacia lixula (Linnaeus, 1758) living in CO2 natural gradients |
| title_full | Effect of ocean acidification on the oxygen consumption of the sea urchins Paracentrotus lividus (Lamarck, 1816) and Arbacia lixula (Linnaeus, 1758) living in CO2 natural gradients |
| title_fullStr | Effect of ocean acidification on the oxygen consumption of the sea urchins Paracentrotus lividus (Lamarck, 1816) and Arbacia lixula (Linnaeus, 1758) living in CO2 natural gradients |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effect of ocean acidification on the oxygen consumption of the sea urchins Paracentrotus lividus (Lamarck, 1816) and Arbacia lixula (Linnaeus, 1758) living in CO2 natural gradients |
| title_short | Effect of ocean acidification on the oxygen consumption of the sea urchins Paracentrotus lividus (Lamarck, 1816) and Arbacia lixula (Linnaeus, 1758) living in CO2 natural gradients |
| title_sort | effect of ocean acidification on the oxygen consumption of the sea urchins paracentrotus lividus lamarck 1816 and arbacia lixula linnaeus 1758 living in co2 natural gradients |
| topic | echinoderms aquatic respirometry metabolism climate change CO2 vent |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2025.1500646/full |
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