Long-term no-till: A major driver of fungal communities in dryland wheat cropping systems.
In the dryland Pacific Northwest wheat cropping systems, no-till is becoming more prevalent as a way to reduce soil erosion and fuel inputs. Tillage can have a profound effect on microbial communities and soilborne fungal pathogens, such as Rhizoctonia. We compared the fungal communities in long-ter...
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Public Library of Science (PLoS)
2017-01-01
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| Series: | PLoS ONE |
| Online Access: | https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0184611&type=printable |
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| author | Dipak Sharma-Poudyal Daniel Schlatter Chuntao Yin Scot Hulbert Timothy Paulitz |
| author_facet | Dipak Sharma-Poudyal Daniel Schlatter Chuntao Yin Scot Hulbert Timothy Paulitz |
| author_sort | Dipak Sharma-Poudyal |
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| description | In the dryland Pacific Northwest wheat cropping systems, no-till is becoming more prevalent as a way to reduce soil erosion and fuel inputs. Tillage can have a profound effect on microbial communities and soilborne fungal pathogens, such as Rhizoctonia. We compared the fungal communities in long-term no-till (NT) plots adjacent to conventionally tilled (CT) plots, over three years at two locations in Washington state and one location in Idaho, US. We used pyrosequencing of the fungal ITS gene and identified 422 OTUs after rarefication. Fungal richness was higher in NT compared to CT, in two of the locations. Humicola nigrescens, Cryptococcus terreus, Cadophora spp. Hydnodontaceae spp., and Exophiala spp. were more abundant in NT, while species of Glarea, Coniochaetales, Mycosphaerella tassiana, Cryptococcus bhutanensis, Chaetomium perlucidum, and Ulocladium chartarum were more abundant in CT in most locations. Other abundant groups that did not show any trends were Fusarium, Mortierella, Penicillium, Aspergillus, and Macroventuria. Plant pathogens such as Rhizoctonia (Ceratobasidiaceae) were not abundant enough to see tillage differences, but Microdochium bolleyi, a weak root pathogen, was more abundant in NT. Our results suggest that NT fungi are better adapted at utilizing intact, decaying roots as a food source and may exist as root endophytes. CT fungi can utilize mature plant residues that are turned into the soil with tillage as pioneer colonizers, and then produce large numbers of conidia. But a larger proportion of the fungal community is not affected by tillage and may be niche generalists. |
| format | Article |
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| institution | DOAJ |
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| language | English |
| publishDate | 2017-01-01 |
| publisher | Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
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| spelling | doaj-art-2ef789f7cc8d4e8989d0a6b06aa7d0d62025-08-20T03:04:57ZengPublic Library of Science (PLoS)PLoS ONE1932-62032017-01-01129e018461110.1371/journal.pone.0184611Long-term no-till: A major driver of fungal communities in dryland wheat cropping systems.Dipak Sharma-PoudyalDaniel SchlatterChuntao YinScot HulbertTimothy PaulitzIn the dryland Pacific Northwest wheat cropping systems, no-till is becoming more prevalent as a way to reduce soil erosion and fuel inputs. Tillage can have a profound effect on microbial communities and soilborne fungal pathogens, such as Rhizoctonia. We compared the fungal communities in long-term no-till (NT) plots adjacent to conventionally tilled (CT) plots, over three years at two locations in Washington state and one location in Idaho, US. We used pyrosequencing of the fungal ITS gene and identified 422 OTUs after rarefication. Fungal richness was higher in NT compared to CT, in two of the locations. Humicola nigrescens, Cryptococcus terreus, Cadophora spp. Hydnodontaceae spp., and Exophiala spp. were more abundant in NT, while species of Glarea, Coniochaetales, Mycosphaerella tassiana, Cryptococcus bhutanensis, Chaetomium perlucidum, and Ulocladium chartarum were more abundant in CT in most locations. Other abundant groups that did not show any trends were Fusarium, Mortierella, Penicillium, Aspergillus, and Macroventuria. Plant pathogens such as Rhizoctonia (Ceratobasidiaceae) were not abundant enough to see tillage differences, but Microdochium bolleyi, a weak root pathogen, was more abundant in NT. Our results suggest that NT fungi are better adapted at utilizing intact, decaying roots as a food source and may exist as root endophytes. CT fungi can utilize mature plant residues that are turned into the soil with tillage as pioneer colonizers, and then produce large numbers of conidia. But a larger proportion of the fungal community is not affected by tillage and may be niche generalists.https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0184611&type=printable |
| spellingShingle | Dipak Sharma-Poudyal Daniel Schlatter Chuntao Yin Scot Hulbert Timothy Paulitz Long-term no-till: A major driver of fungal communities in dryland wheat cropping systems. PLoS ONE |
| title | Long-term no-till: A major driver of fungal communities in dryland wheat cropping systems. |
| title_full | Long-term no-till: A major driver of fungal communities in dryland wheat cropping systems. |
| title_fullStr | Long-term no-till: A major driver of fungal communities in dryland wheat cropping systems. |
| title_full_unstemmed | Long-term no-till: A major driver of fungal communities in dryland wheat cropping systems. |
| title_short | Long-term no-till: A major driver of fungal communities in dryland wheat cropping systems. |
| title_sort | long term no till a major driver of fungal communities in dryland wheat cropping systems |
| url | https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0184611&type=printable |
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