Microbial Tyrosinases: Promising Enzymes for Pharmaceutical, Food Bioprocessing, and Environmental Industry
Tyrosinase is a natural enzyme and is often purified to only a low degree and it is involved in a variety of functions which mainly catalyse the o-hydroxylation of monophenols into their corresponding o-diphenols and the oxidation of o-diphenols to o-quinones using molecular oxygen, which then polym...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2014-01-01
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| Series: | Biochemistry Research International |
| Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/854687 |
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| author | Kamal Uddin Zaidi Ayesha S. Ali Sharique A. Ali Ishrat Naaz |
| author_facet | Kamal Uddin Zaidi Ayesha S. Ali Sharique A. Ali Ishrat Naaz |
| author_sort | Kamal Uddin Zaidi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Tyrosinase is a natural enzyme and is often purified to only a low degree and it is involved in a variety of functions which mainly catalyse the o-hydroxylation of monophenols into their corresponding o-diphenols and the oxidation of o-diphenols to o-quinones using molecular oxygen, which then polymerizes to form brown or black pigments. The synthesis of o-diphenols is a potentially valuable catalytic ability and thus tyrosinase has attracted a lot of attention with respect to industrial applications. In environmental technology it is used for the detoxification of phenol-containing wastewaters and contaminated soils, as biosensors for phenol monitoring, and for the production of L-DOPA in pharmaceutical industries, and is also used in cosmetic and food industries as important catalytic enzyme. Melanin pigment synthesized by tyrosinase has found applications for protection against radiation cation exchangers, drug carriers, antioxidants, antiviral agents, or immunogen. The recombinant V. spinosum tryosinase protein can be used to produce tailor-made melanin and other polyphenolic materials using various phenols and catechols as starting materials. This review compiles the recent data on biochemical and molecular properties of microbial tyrosinases, underlining their importance in the industrial use of these enzymes. After that, their most promising applications in pharmaceutical, food processing, and environmental fields are presented. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-2ee02f86a2254d089fadbbbde9dc5cd0 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2090-2247 2090-2255 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2014-01-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Biochemistry Research International |
| spelling | doaj-art-2ee02f86a2254d089fadbbbde9dc5cd02025-02-03T01:29:16ZengWileyBiochemistry Research International2090-22472090-22552014-01-01201410.1155/2014/854687854687Microbial Tyrosinases: Promising Enzymes for Pharmaceutical, Food Bioprocessing, and Environmental IndustryKamal Uddin Zaidi0Ayesha S. Ali1Sharique A. Ali2Ishrat Naaz3Molecular Biotechnology Laboratory, Centre for Scientific Research & Development, People’s University, Bhanpur, Bhopal 462010, IndiaDepartment of Biotechnology, Saifia College of Science, Bhopal 462001, IndiaDepartment of Biotechnology, Saifia College of Science, Bhopal 462001, IndiaDepartment of Biotechnology, Saifia College of Science, Bhopal 462001, IndiaTyrosinase is a natural enzyme and is often purified to only a low degree and it is involved in a variety of functions which mainly catalyse the o-hydroxylation of monophenols into their corresponding o-diphenols and the oxidation of o-diphenols to o-quinones using molecular oxygen, which then polymerizes to form brown or black pigments. The synthesis of o-diphenols is a potentially valuable catalytic ability and thus tyrosinase has attracted a lot of attention with respect to industrial applications. In environmental technology it is used for the detoxification of phenol-containing wastewaters and contaminated soils, as biosensors for phenol monitoring, and for the production of L-DOPA in pharmaceutical industries, and is also used in cosmetic and food industries as important catalytic enzyme. Melanin pigment synthesized by tyrosinase has found applications for protection against radiation cation exchangers, drug carriers, antioxidants, antiviral agents, or immunogen. The recombinant V. spinosum tryosinase protein can be used to produce tailor-made melanin and other polyphenolic materials using various phenols and catechols as starting materials. This review compiles the recent data on biochemical and molecular properties of microbial tyrosinases, underlining their importance in the industrial use of these enzymes. After that, their most promising applications in pharmaceutical, food processing, and environmental fields are presented.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/854687 |
| spellingShingle | Kamal Uddin Zaidi Ayesha S. Ali Sharique A. Ali Ishrat Naaz Microbial Tyrosinases: Promising Enzymes for Pharmaceutical, Food Bioprocessing, and Environmental Industry Biochemistry Research International |
| title | Microbial Tyrosinases: Promising Enzymes for Pharmaceutical, Food Bioprocessing, and Environmental Industry |
| title_full | Microbial Tyrosinases: Promising Enzymes for Pharmaceutical, Food Bioprocessing, and Environmental Industry |
| title_fullStr | Microbial Tyrosinases: Promising Enzymes for Pharmaceutical, Food Bioprocessing, and Environmental Industry |
| title_full_unstemmed | Microbial Tyrosinases: Promising Enzymes for Pharmaceutical, Food Bioprocessing, and Environmental Industry |
| title_short | Microbial Tyrosinases: Promising Enzymes for Pharmaceutical, Food Bioprocessing, and Environmental Industry |
| title_sort | microbial tyrosinases promising enzymes for pharmaceutical food bioprocessing and environmental industry |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/854687 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT kamaluddinzaidi microbialtyrosinasespromisingenzymesforpharmaceuticalfoodbioprocessingandenvironmentalindustry AT ayeshasali microbialtyrosinasespromisingenzymesforpharmaceuticalfoodbioprocessingandenvironmentalindustry AT shariqueaali microbialtyrosinasespromisingenzymesforpharmaceuticalfoodbioprocessingandenvironmentalindustry AT ishratnaaz microbialtyrosinasespromisingenzymesforpharmaceuticalfoodbioprocessingandenvironmentalindustry |