Immunization with Complete Freund’s Adjuvant Reveals Trained Immunity-like Features in A/J Mice

Background/Objectives: Freund’s adjuvants induce different immunomodulatory effects, but their underlying molecular mechanisms are unclear. In this study, we investigated whether the immune-stimulating effects of the complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA) involve the mechanisms of trained immunity (TI). M...

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Main Authors: Kiruthiga Mone, Shraddha Singh, Fatema Abdullatif, Meghna Sur, Mahima T. Rasquinha, Javier Seravalli, Denise K. Zinniel, Indranil Mukhopadhyay, Raul G. Barletta, Teklab Gebregiworgis, Jay Reddy
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-07-01
Series:Vaccines
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/13/7/768
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