Effect of galectin-3, IL-1, IL-6 and TNF-alpha on disease prognosis and mortality in COVID-19 patients
Introduction: COVID-19 is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. It is crucial to identify biomarkers that can aid in predicting patients’ prognosis and mortality. This study evaluated the relationship between galectin-3 (Gal-3), interleukin-1 (IL-1), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necros...
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The Journal of Infection in Developing Countries
2024-09-01
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| Series: | Journal of Infection in Developing Countries |
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| Online Access: | https://jidc.org/index.php/journal/article/view/19706 |
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| author | Merve Sancıoğlu Demir Ferit Kuşcu Behice Kurtaran Aslıhan Candevir Ayse Seza İnal Süheyla Kömür Yeşim Taşova |
| author_facet | Merve Sancıoğlu Demir Ferit Kuşcu Behice Kurtaran Aslıhan Candevir Ayse Seza İnal Süheyla Kömür Yeşim Taşova |
| author_sort | Merve Sancıoğlu Demir |
| collection | DOAJ |
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Introduction: COVID-19 is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. It is crucial to identify biomarkers that can aid in predicting patients’ prognosis and mortality. This study evaluated the relationship between galectin-3 (Gal-3), interleukin-1 (IL-1), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) levels and the prognosis and mortality of COVID-19 patients.
Methodology: The study included 69 COVID-19 patients (32 outpatients, 37 inpatients) and 19 healthy controls. Gal-3, IL-1, IL-6, and TNF-α levels in serum samples were measured using an ELISA test.
Results: In a comparison between the patient and healthy control groups, it was observed that the patient group had significantly higher levels of Gal-3, IL-6, and TNF-α. Comparison between the outpatient and inpatient groups revealed that the hospitalized patient group had significantly higher levels of IL-6 and TNF-α, while the Gal-3 levels were lower in this group. In the analysis of subgroups to assess disease severity, critical COVID-19 patients exhibited elevated levels of Gal-3 and IL-6 compared to those with severe COVID-19. Moreover, Gal-3 and IL-6 were identified as having predictive value for mortality in hospitalized patients, while both IL-6 and TNF-α demonstrated diagnostic accuracy across all patient groups.
Conclusions: The study results indicate that the levels of IL-6 TNF-α play a crucial role in determining the hospitalization and mortality of COVID-19 patients. Additionally, it was observed that Gal-3 and IL-6 levels can be utilized to assess the severity of the disease and predict mortality in patients who require hospitalization.
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| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-2e70fdaedf43445b9859d250f103669d |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 1972-2680 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-09-01 |
| publisher | The Journal of Infection in Developing Countries |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Infection in Developing Countries |
| spelling | doaj-art-2e70fdaedf43445b9859d250f103669d2025-08-20T02:14:07ZengThe Journal of Infection in Developing CountriesJournal of Infection in Developing Countries1972-26802024-09-011809.110.3855/jidc.19706Effect of galectin-3, IL-1, IL-6 and TNF-alpha on disease prognosis and mortality in COVID-19 patientsMerve Sancıoğlu Demir0Ferit Kuşcu1Behice Kurtaran2Aslıhan Candevir3Ayse Seza İnal4Süheyla Kömür5Yeşim Taşova6Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Çukurova University Faculty of Medicine, Adana, TurkeyDepartment of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Çukurova University Faculty of Medicine, Adana, TurkeyDepartment of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Çukurova University Faculty of Medicine, Adana, TurkeyDepartment of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Çukurova University Faculty of Medicine, Adana, TurkeyDepartment of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Çukurova University Faculty of Medicine, Adana, TurkeyDepartment of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Çukurova University Faculty of Medicine, Adana, TurkeyDepartment of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Çukurova University Faculty of Medicine, Adana, Turkey Introduction: COVID-19 is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. It is crucial to identify biomarkers that can aid in predicting patients’ prognosis and mortality. This study evaluated the relationship between galectin-3 (Gal-3), interleukin-1 (IL-1), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) levels and the prognosis and mortality of COVID-19 patients. Methodology: The study included 69 COVID-19 patients (32 outpatients, 37 inpatients) and 19 healthy controls. Gal-3, IL-1, IL-6, and TNF-α levels in serum samples were measured using an ELISA test. Results: In a comparison between the patient and healthy control groups, it was observed that the patient group had significantly higher levels of Gal-3, IL-6, and TNF-α. Comparison between the outpatient and inpatient groups revealed that the hospitalized patient group had significantly higher levels of IL-6 and TNF-α, while the Gal-3 levels were lower in this group. In the analysis of subgroups to assess disease severity, critical COVID-19 patients exhibited elevated levels of Gal-3 and IL-6 compared to those with severe COVID-19. Moreover, Gal-3 and IL-6 were identified as having predictive value for mortality in hospitalized patients, while both IL-6 and TNF-α demonstrated diagnostic accuracy across all patient groups. Conclusions: The study results indicate that the levels of IL-6 TNF-α play a crucial role in determining the hospitalization and mortality of COVID-19 patients. Additionally, it was observed that Gal-3 and IL-6 levels can be utilized to assess the severity of the disease and predict mortality in patients who require hospitalization. https://jidc.org/index.php/journal/article/view/19706COVID-19biomarkergalectin-3IL-6TNF-alpha |
| spellingShingle | Merve Sancıoğlu Demir Ferit Kuşcu Behice Kurtaran Aslıhan Candevir Ayse Seza İnal Süheyla Kömür Yeşim Taşova Effect of galectin-3, IL-1, IL-6 and TNF-alpha on disease prognosis and mortality in COVID-19 patients Journal of Infection in Developing Countries COVID-19 biomarker galectin-3 IL-6 TNF-alpha |
| title | Effect of galectin-3, IL-1, IL-6 and TNF-alpha on disease prognosis and mortality in COVID-19 patients |
| title_full | Effect of galectin-3, IL-1, IL-6 and TNF-alpha on disease prognosis and mortality in COVID-19 patients |
| title_fullStr | Effect of galectin-3, IL-1, IL-6 and TNF-alpha on disease prognosis and mortality in COVID-19 patients |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effect of galectin-3, IL-1, IL-6 and TNF-alpha on disease prognosis and mortality in COVID-19 patients |
| title_short | Effect of galectin-3, IL-1, IL-6 and TNF-alpha on disease prognosis and mortality in COVID-19 patients |
| title_sort | effect of galectin 3 il 1 il 6 and tnf alpha on disease prognosis and mortality in covid 19 patients |
| topic | COVID-19 biomarker galectin-3 IL-6 TNF-alpha |
| url | https://jidc.org/index.php/journal/article/view/19706 |
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