Health literacy profiles of undergraduate health students in Brazil: a cluster analysis

Abstract Background Health literacy encompasses the cognitive and social skills required to access, understand, and apply health information, influencing decision-making and disease prevention. Research with health students highlights that incorporating health literacy into curricula enhances compet...

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Main Authors: Paula Rocco Gomes Lima, Suellen Cristina Dias Emidio, Viviane Carrasco, Juliany Lino Gomes Silva, Ana Railka de Souza Oliveira-Kumakura
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-05-01
Series:BMC Medical Education
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12909-025-07104-y
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author Paula Rocco Gomes Lima
Suellen Cristina Dias Emidio
Viviane Carrasco
Juliany Lino Gomes Silva
Ana Railka de Souza Oliveira-Kumakura
author_facet Paula Rocco Gomes Lima
Suellen Cristina Dias Emidio
Viviane Carrasco
Juliany Lino Gomes Silva
Ana Railka de Souza Oliveira-Kumakura
author_sort Paula Rocco Gomes Lima
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background Health literacy encompasses the cognitive and social skills required to access, understand, and apply health information, influencing decision-making and disease prevention. Research with health students highlights that incorporating health literacy into curricula enhances competency levels, and impacts the quality of care provided.. This study aimed to assess the health literacy levels among Brazilian undergraduate health students and identify sociodemographic factors associated with health literacy through cluster analysis. Method This descriptive, cross-sectional study involved 352 undergraduate students from nursing, physiotherapy, nutrition, psychology, and pharmacy courses at a private university inSão Paulo state, Brazil, in 2023. Sociodemographic, health perception, and health condition data were collected. Cluster analysis, based on the Health Literacy Questionnaire, identified distinct health literacy profiles. Results The highest scores were observed for scale 3—Actively managing my health (2.81) and 9—Understand health information well enough to know what to do (3.78), while the lowest scores were reported for scale 1—Feeling understood and supported by healthcare providers (2.74) and 6—Ability to actively engage with healthcare providers (3.49). Eight clusters were identified. Cluster A showed the highest scores across all scales, representing 5.1% of the sample. This group consisted mainly of females (83.4%), self-identified as White(66.6%), older students (29.59 years), with parents having higher education (50.0%), and studying nursing (38.8%). Cluster H (1.7%) had lowest mean scores for scales 3 (2.07), 6 (1.47), 7 (1.53), 8 (1.67), and 9 (1.37). This group included only females, younger (21.1 years), with parents who had higher education (66.6%), and pharmacy students (50%). Conclusion Brazilian undergraduate health students face challenges in achieving adequate health literacy. Older female nursing students with higher-educated parents showed better results, while younger pharmacy students were more vulnerable. This pioneering study in Brazilian provides insights into health literacy levels among undergraduate health students and emphasizes the need for educational interventions to bridge gaps. Findings can guide discussions on incorporating health literacy into health curricula to enhance future healthcare professionals'competencies.
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spelling doaj-art-2e3a75242ab44b718de8dfd3ef0bbd7e2025-08-20T01:53:23ZengBMCBMC Medical Education1472-69202025-05-0125111310.1186/s12909-025-07104-yHealth literacy profiles of undergraduate health students in Brazil: a cluster analysisPaula Rocco Gomes Lima0Suellen Cristina Dias Emidio1Viviane Carrasco2Juliany Lino Gomes Silva3Ana Railka de Souza Oliveira-Kumakura4Nursing School, State University of CampinasNursing School, Federal University of Juiz de Fora. St. José LourençO Kelmer - São PedroNursing School, State University of Montes Claros. St. Prof. Rui BragaNursing School, State University of CampinasNursing School, State University of CampinasAbstract Background Health literacy encompasses the cognitive and social skills required to access, understand, and apply health information, influencing decision-making and disease prevention. Research with health students highlights that incorporating health literacy into curricula enhances competency levels, and impacts the quality of care provided.. This study aimed to assess the health literacy levels among Brazilian undergraduate health students and identify sociodemographic factors associated with health literacy through cluster analysis. Method This descriptive, cross-sectional study involved 352 undergraduate students from nursing, physiotherapy, nutrition, psychology, and pharmacy courses at a private university inSão Paulo state, Brazil, in 2023. Sociodemographic, health perception, and health condition data were collected. Cluster analysis, based on the Health Literacy Questionnaire, identified distinct health literacy profiles. Results The highest scores were observed for scale 3—Actively managing my health (2.81) and 9—Understand health information well enough to know what to do (3.78), while the lowest scores were reported for scale 1—Feeling understood and supported by healthcare providers (2.74) and 6—Ability to actively engage with healthcare providers (3.49). Eight clusters were identified. Cluster A showed the highest scores across all scales, representing 5.1% of the sample. This group consisted mainly of females (83.4%), self-identified as White(66.6%), older students (29.59 years), with parents having higher education (50.0%), and studying nursing (38.8%). Cluster H (1.7%) had lowest mean scores for scales 3 (2.07), 6 (1.47), 7 (1.53), 8 (1.67), and 9 (1.37). This group included only females, younger (21.1 years), with parents who had higher education (66.6%), and pharmacy students (50%). Conclusion Brazilian undergraduate health students face challenges in achieving adequate health literacy. Older female nursing students with higher-educated parents showed better results, while younger pharmacy students were more vulnerable. This pioneering study in Brazilian provides insights into health literacy levels among undergraduate health students and emphasizes the need for educational interventions to bridge gaps. Findings can guide discussions on incorporating health literacy into health curricula to enhance future healthcare professionals'competencies.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12909-025-07104-yHealth LiteracyInterprofessional EducationStudentsHealth promotionUniversities
spellingShingle Paula Rocco Gomes Lima
Suellen Cristina Dias Emidio
Viviane Carrasco
Juliany Lino Gomes Silva
Ana Railka de Souza Oliveira-Kumakura
Health literacy profiles of undergraduate health students in Brazil: a cluster analysis
BMC Medical Education
Health Literacy
Interprofessional Education
Students
Health promotion
Universities
title Health literacy profiles of undergraduate health students in Brazil: a cluster analysis
title_full Health literacy profiles of undergraduate health students in Brazil: a cluster analysis
title_fullStr Health literacy profiles of undergraduate health students in Brazil: a cluster analysis
title_full_unstemmed Health literacy profiles of undergraduate health students in Brazil: a cluster analysis
title_short Health literacy profiles of undergraduate health students in Brazil: a cluster analysis
title_sort health literacy profiles of undergraduate health students in brazil a cluster analysis
topic Health Literacy
Interprofessional Education
Students
Health promotion
Universities
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s12909-025-07104-y
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