<i>Candida auris</i> Antifungal Resistance, Virulence and Susceptibility to a Novel Nitric Oxide-Releasing Microparticle and Its Correlations to Clade Identification
<i>Candida auris</i> is a globally emerging pathogenic fungus described in Japan in 2009. This fungus has been identified mainly in nosocomial environments, associated with a high frequency of multidrug-resistant strains, and mortality rates reach 60%. <i>C. auris</i> is divi...
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2025-01-01
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| author | Alessandro F. Valdez Flora Bohner Joshua P. Goldman Ali B. Jaquiery Eduardo V. C. do Amaral Dario Correa-Junior Andrew Draganski Leonardo Nimrichter Joshua D. Nosanchuk Daniel Zamith-Miranda |
| author_facet | Alessandro F. Valdez Flora Bohner Joshua P. Goldman Ali B. Jaquiery Eduardo V. C. do Amaral Dario Correa-Junior Andrew Draganski Leonardo Nimrichter Joshua D. Nosanchuk Daniel Zamith-Miranda |
| author_sort | Alessandro F. Valdez |
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| description | <i>Candida auris</i> is a globally emerging pathogenic fungus described in Japan in 2009. This fungus has been identified mainly in nosocomial environments, associated with a high frequency of multidrug-resistant strains, and mortality rates reach 60%. <i>C. auris</i> is divided into 6 biogeographic clades, and there is a correlation between the clades and resistance against antifungals. In the current report, 8 strains of <i>C. auris</i> isolated in the Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx were analyzed to assess their clade (via ClaID) and common molecular determinants of antifungal resistance. We assessed antifungal resistance as well as the efficacy of a novel nitric oxide-donating microparticle as an alternative approach against <i>C. auris</i> in vitro through microplate susceptibility tests. Virulence was also determined in a <i>Galleria mellonella</i> model. Our results indicate that 7 out of 8 strains, belonging to clade 1, were resistant to fluconazole, while clade 2 was susceptible. Additionally, the clade 2 strain was more susceptible to treatment with the microparticle, while also being more virulent in an invertebrate model of infection. Our findings were then correlated to visualize parallels between clade identification and resistance/virulence patterns. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-2ded9b3a6cf84f7aaab1262a77cdeae6 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2036-7481 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Microbiology Research |
| spelling | doaj-art-2ded9b3a6cf84f7aaab1262a77cdeae62025-01-24T13:41:44ZengMDPI AGMicrobiology Research2036-74812025-01-011611510.3390/microbiolres16010015<i>Candida auris</i> Antifungal Resistance, Virulence and Susceptibility to a Novel Nitric Oxide-Releasing Microparticle and Its Correlations to Clade IdentificationAlessandro F. Valdez0Flora Bohner1Joshua P. Goldman2Ali B. Jaquiery3Eduardo V. C. do Amaral4Dario Correa-Junior5Andrew Draganski6Leonardo Nimrichter7Joshua D. Nosanchuk8Daniel Zamith-Miranda9Departments of Medicine (Division of Infectious Diseases) and Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx 10461, NY, USADepartments of Medicine (Division of Infectious Diseases) and Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx 10461, NY, USADepartments of Medicine (Division of Infectious Diseases) and Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx 10461, NY, USADepartments of Medicine (Division of Infectious Diseases) and Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx 10461, NY, USADepartamento de Microbiologia Geral, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Goés, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, RJ, BrazilDepartments of Medicine (Division of Infectious Diseases) and Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx 10461, NY, USAZylö Therapeutics, Greenville, SC 29607, USADepartamento de Microbiologia Geral, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Goés, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, RJ, BrazilDepartments of Medicine (Division of Infectious Diseases) and Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx 10461, NY, USADepartments of Medicine (Division of Infectious Diseases) and Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx 10461, NY, USA<i>Candida auris</i> is a globally emerging pathogenic fungus described in Japan in 2009. This fungus has been identified mainly in nosocomial environments, associated with a high frequency of multidrug-resistant strains, and mortality rates reach 60%. <i>C. auris</i> is divided into 6 biogeographic clades, and there is a correlation between the clades and resistance against antifungals. In the current report, 8 strains of <i>C. auris</i> isolated in the Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx were analyzed to assess their clade (via ClaID) and common molecular determinants of antifungal resistance. We assessed antifungal resistance as well as the efficacy of a novel nitric oxide-donating microparticle as an alternative approach against <i>C. auris</i> in vitro through microplate susceptibility tests. Virulence was also determined in a <i>Galleria mellonella</i> model. Our results indicate that 7 out of 8 strains, belonging to clade 1, were resistant to fluconazole, while clade 2 was susceptible. Additionally, the clade 2 strain was more susceptible to treatment with the microparticle, while also being more virulent in an invertebrate model of infection. Our findings were then correlated to visualize parallels between clade identification and resistance/virulence patterns.https://www.mdpi.com/2036-7481/16/1/15<i>Candida auris</i>resistanceantifungalscladesmicroparticles |
| spellingShingle | Alessandro F. Valdez Flora Bohner Joshua P. Goldman Ali B. Jaquiery Eduardo V. C. do Amaral Dario Correa-Junior Andrew Draganski Leonardo Nimrichter Joshua D. Nosanchuk Daniel Zamith-Miranda <i>Candida auris</i> Antifungal Resistance, Virulence and Susceptibility to a Novel Nitric Oxide-Releasing Microparticle and Its Correlations to Clade Identification Microbiology Research <i>Candida auris</i> resistance antifungals clades microparticles |
| title | <i>Candida auris</i> Antifungal Resistance, Virulence and Susceptibility to a Novel Nitric Oxide-Releasing Microparticle and Its Correlations to Clade Identification |
| title_full | <i>Candida auris</i> Antifungal Resistance, Virulence and Susceptibility to a Novel Nitric Oxide-Releasing Microparticle and Its Correlations to Clade Identification |
| title_fullStr | <i>Candida auris</i> Antifungal Resistance, Virulence and Susceptibility to a Novel Nitric Oxide-Releasing Microparticle and Its Correlations to Clade Identification |
| title_full_unstemmed | <i>Candida auris</i> Antifungal Resistance, Virulence and Susceptibility to a Novel Nitric Oxide-Releasing Microparticle and Its Correlations to Clade Identification |
| title_short | <i>Candida auris</i> Antifungal Resistance, Virulence and Susceptibility to a Novel Nitric Oxide-Releasing Microparticle and Its Correlations to Clade Identification |
| title_sort | i candida auris i antifungal resistance virulence and susceptibility to a novel nitric oxide releasing microparticle and its correlations to clade identification |
| topic | <i>Candida auris</i> resistance antifungals clades microparticles |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2036-7481/16/1/15 |
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