The simpler modified fried frailty scale predicts 2-year mortality in older adults with heart failure: a pilot study
Abstract Objective The Simpler Modified Fried Frailty Scale (SMFFS) has recently been developed from the original Fried scale to ease its use in clinical practice, by transforming the items requiring measurements into the self-reported inquiries. Its predictive validity needs to be clarified, especi...
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BMC
2025-01-01
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| Series: | BMC Geriatrics |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-025-05698-y |
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| author | Celalettin Küçük Serdar Özkök Gülistan Bahat Ekrem Bilal Karaayvaz Mustafa Altınkaynak Alpay Medetalibeyoğlu Mehmet Akif Karan |
| author_facet | Celalettin Küçük Serdar Özkök Gülistan Bahat Ekrem Bilal Karaayvaz Mustafa Altınkaynak Alpay Medetalibeyoğlu Mehmet Akif Karan |
| author_sort | Celalettin Küçük |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Objective The Simpler Modified Fried Frailty Scale (SMFFS) has recently been developed from the original Fried scale to ease its use in clinical practice, by transforming the items requiring measurements into the self-reported inquiries. Its predictive validity needs to be clarified, especially in populations with a high prevalence of frailty, such as patients with heart failure (HF). Primary aim of this study is to find out the prevalence of frailty in older patients with HF by using SMFFS and show its concordance with other frailty assessment tools. Secondary aim is to reveal whether SMFFS is useful to predict mortality in follow-up. Method This is a prospective, follow-up study including older adults (≥ 65 years) with HF. SMFFS was used to assess frailty phenotype and presence of ≥ 3 items was accepted as frailty. FRAIL scale, the Study of Osteoporosis Fractures (SOF) index, and Edmonton Frailty Scale (EFS) were alternatively used to study the correlation of SMFFS with different scales. Cox-regression analysis was performed to identify whether SMFFS-defined frailty could predict mortality in follow-up, with adjusting for a list of clinical characteristics and geriatric syndromes. Findings Among 101 patients with HF, 44 (42.8%) were female. Mean age was 75.8 ± 7.6 and frailty prevalence was 63.4% according to SMFFS. SMFFS showed a strong correlation with the other frailty scales. In a median follow-up of 759 days, cardiomegaly, increased pulmonary artery pressure (PAP) and frailty defined by SMFFS were the only predictors of mortality in older adults with HF after adjustments for age, falls in the previous year, undernutrition, probable sarcopenia, functional impairments, and quality of life [HR (95% CI) were 3.88 (1.05–14.3), 1.05 (1.01–1.09), and 10.96 (1.07–112.05) (p = 0.027); for older age, PAP, and frailty, respectively]. Conclusions As a self-reported screening tool, SMFFS was independently associated with mortality in a median follow-up of two years. Frailty assessment recommended by the guidelines for risk stratification in patients with HF seems to be more effectively integrated into routine HF practice with the use of the easy and practical SMFFS. Further large scale studies are needed to support the predictive validity of SMFFS in older patients with HF. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-2d8a05c1bc884d4cb45f078be21b9c56 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1471-2318 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
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| series | BMC Geriatrics |
| spelling | doaj-art-2d8a05c1bc884d4cb45f078be21b9c562025-01-26T12:51:26ZengBMCBMC Geriatrics1471-23182025-01-0125111110.1186/s12877-025-05698-yThe simpler modified fried frailty scale predicts 2-year mortality in older adults with heart failure: a pilot studyCelalettin Küçük0Serdar Özkök1Gülistan Bahat2Ekrem Bilal Karaayvaz3Mustafa Altınkaynak4Alpay Medetalibeyoğlu5Mehmet Akif Karan6Department of Internal Medicine, Medical Faculty, Biruni UniversityDivision of Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, Istanbul Medical Faculty, Istanbul UniversityDivision of Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, Istanbul Medical Faculty, Istanbul UniversityDepartment of Cardiology, Istanbul Medical Faculty, Istanbul UniversityDepartment of Internal Medicine, Istanbul Medical Faculty, Istanbul UniversityDepartment of Internal Medicine, Istanbul Medical Faculty, Istanbul UniversityDivision of Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, Istanbul Medical Faculty, Istanbul UniversityAbstract Objective The Simpler Modified Fried Frailty Scale (SMFFS) has recently been developed from the original Fried scale to ease its use in clinical practice, by transforming the items requiring measurements into the self-reported inquiries. Its predictive validity needs to be clarified, especially in populations with a high prevalence of frailty, such as patients with heart failure (HF). Primary aim of this study is to find out the prevalence of frailty in older patients with HF by using SMFFS and show its concordance with other frailty assessment tools. Secondary aim is to reveal whether SMFFS is useful to predict mortality in follow-up. Method This is a prospective, follow-up study including older adults (≥ 65 years) with HF. SMFFS was used to assess frailty phenotype and presence of ≥ 3 items was accepted as frailty. FRAIL scale, the Study of Osteoporosis Fractures (SOF) index, and Edmonton Frailty Scale (EFS) were alternatively used to study the correlation of SMFFS with different scales. Cox-regression analysis was performed to identify whether SMFFS-defined frailty could predict mortality in follow-up, with adjusting for a list of clinical characteristics and geriatric syndromes. Findings Among 101 patients with HF, 44 (42.8%) were female. Mean age was 75.8 ± 7.6 and frailty prevalence was 63.4% according to SMFFS. SMFFS showed a strong correlation with the other frailty scales. In a median follow-up of 759 days, cardiomegaly, increased pulmonary artery pressure (PAP) and frailty defined by SMFFS were the only predictors of mortality in older adults with HF after adjustments for age, falls in the previous year, undernutrition, probable sarcopenia, functional impairments, and quality of life [HR (95% CI) were 3.88 (1.05–14.3), 1.05 (1.01–1.09), and 10.96 (1.07–112.05) (p = 0.027); for older age, PAP, and frailty, respectively]. Conclusions As a self-reported screening tool, SMFFS was independently associated with mortality in a median follow-up of two years. Frailty assessment recommended by the guidelines for risk stratification in patients with HF seems to be more effectively integrated into routine HF practice with the use of the easy and practical SMFFS. Further large scale studies are needed to support the predictive validity of SMFFS in older patients with HF.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-025-05698-yFrailtyHeart failureMortalityOlder adultsSarcopenia |
| spellingShingle | Celalettin Küçük Serdar Özkök Gülistan Bahat Ekrem Bilal Karaayvaz Mustafa Altınkaynak Alpay Medetalibeyoğlu Mehmet Akif Karan The simpler modified fried frailty scale predicts 2-year mortality in older adults with heart failure: a pilot study BMC Geriatrics Frailty Heart failure Mortality Older adults Sarcopenia |
| title | The simpler modified fried frailty scale predicts 2-year mortality in older adults with heart failure: a pilot study |
| title_full | The simpler modified fried frailty scale predicts 2-year mortality in older adults with heart failure: a pilot study |
| title_fullStr | The simpler modified fried frailty scale predicts 2-year mortality in older adults with heart failure: a pilot study |
| title_full_unstemmed | The simpler modified fried frailty scale predicts 2-year mortality in older adults with heart failure: a pilot study |
| title_short | The simpler modified fried frailty scale predicts 2-year mortality in older adults with heart failure: a pilot study |
| title_sort | simpler modified fried frailty scale predicts 2 year mortality in older adults with heart failure a pilot study |
| topic | Frailty Heart failure Mortality Older adults Sarcopenia |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-025-05698-y |
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