Metal contamination in sediments of River Kalu, Maharashtra, India: Insights from pollution indices, health risk evaluation, and multivariate methods
The metal pollution of sediments of Kalu River in Maharashtra, India, was analyzed using pollution indices and multivariate methods, with health risk evaluation to gauge the carcinogenic and noncarcinogenic effects of metals on human population. Eighty-four sediment samples from seven different loca...
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Elsevier
2025-12-01
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| author | Sayli Salgaonkar Akshay Botle Rahul Tiwari Gayatri Barabde |
| author_facet | Sayli Salgaonkar Akshay Botle Rahul Tiwari Gayatri Barabde |
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| description | The metal pollution of sediments of Kalu River in Maharashtra, India, was analyzed using pollution indices and multivariate methods, with health risk evaluation to gauge the carcinogenic and noncarcinogenic effects of metals on human population. Eighty-four sediment samples from seven different locations along the flow path of the river were collected for a year ranging from February 2023 to January 2024 and analyzed using inductively coupled-plasma optical emission spectrophotometer. The metal mean concentrations were as follows (in mg/kg): Fe, 70416.416; Zn, 187.229; Mn, 717.430; Cu, 36.724; Cr, 109.074; Cd, 0.332; Ni, 76.317; Pb, 5.244; Se, 0.292; As, 0.229; and Hg, 0.258. The metal results of sediments on comparison with Sediment Quality Guidelines (SQGs) showed the following results: concentrations of Cd, Pb, and As were low; however, Cr and Ni were slightly more than the guideline values. On evaluating using pollution indices, it was found that river was slightly polluted at few sites owing to the anthropogenic activities carried out along the length of the river. Multivariate analysis showed mixed sources of metal pollution, namely, natural and human-induced activities. The health risk was found to be greater for children than adults via ingestion route; however, harmful effects were posed by Fe according to the hazard quotient. Tolerable carcinogenic risk was seen in adults and children on assessing the cancer index for Cr, Ni, and Cd. Overall study indicates that Kalu river is not heavily contaminated, but could become worse if the same pollution trend continues in the future. |
| format | Article |
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| institution | Kabale University |
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| series | Sustainable Chemistry for Climate Action |
| spelling | doaj-art-2d4e145176ce4e64a2954ff6e52daa652025-08-20T05:08:18ZengElsevierSustainable Chemistry for Climate Action2772-82692025-12-01710010510.1016/j.scca.2025.100105Metal contamination in sediments of River Kalu, Maharashtra, India: Insights from pollution indices, health risk evaluation, and multivariate methodsSayli Salgaonkar0Akshay Botle1Rahul Tiwari2Gayatri Barabde3Department of Environmental Science, The Institute of Science, Dr. Homi Bhabha State University, Mumbai, IndiaDepartment of Environmental Science, The Institute of Science, Dr. Homi Bhabha State University, Mumbai, IndiaDepartment of Chemistry, Institute of Basic Science, Dr. B R Ambedkar University, Agra 282002, IndiaDepartment of Environmental Science, The Institute of Science, Dr. Homi Bhabha State University, Mumbai, India; Department of Analytical Chemistry, The Institute of Science, Dr. Homi Bhabha State University, Mumbai, India; Corresponding author at: 15, Madame Cama Rd, Mantralaya, Fort, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400032, India.The metal pollution of sediments of Kalu River in Maharashtra, India, was analyzed using pollution indices and multivariate methods, with health risk evaluation to gauge the carcinogenic and noncarcinogenic effects of metals on human population. Eighty-four sediment samples from seven different locations along the flow path of the river were collected for a year ranging from February 2023 to January 2024 and analyzed using inductively coupled-plasma optical emission spectrophotometer. The metal mean concentrations were as follows (in mg/kg): Fe, 70416.416; Zn, 187.229; Mn, 717.430; Cu, 36.724; Cr, 109.074; Cd, 0.332; Ni, 76.317; Pb, 5.244; Se, 0.292; As, 0.229; and Hg, 0.258. The metal results of sediments on comparison with Sediment Quality Guidelines (SQGs) showed the following results: concentrations of Cd, Pb, and As were low; however, Cr and Ni were slightly more than the guideline values. On evaluating using pollution indices, it was found that river was slightly polluted at few sites owing to the anthropogenic activities carried out along the length of the river. Multivariate analysis showed mixed sources of metal pollution, namely, natural and human-induced activities. The health risk was found to be greater for children than adults via ingestion route; however, harmful effects were posed by Fe according to the hazard quotient. Tolerable carcinogenic risk was seen in adults and children on assessing the cancer index for Cr, Ni, and Cd. Overall study indicates that Kalu river is not heavily contaminated, but could become worse if the same pollution trend continues in the future.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772826925000501SedimentsMetal contaminationHealth risk assessmentMultivariate analysisPollution indices |
| spellingShingle | Sayli Salgaonkar Akshay Botle Rahul Tiwari Gayatri Barabde Metal contamination in sediments of River Kalu, Maharashtra, India: Insights from pollution indices, health risk evaluation, and multivariate methods Sustainable Chemistry for Climate Action Sediments Metal contamination Health risk assessment Multivariate analysis Pollution indices |
| title | Metal contamination in sediments of River Kalu, Maharashtra, India: Insights from pollution indices, health risk evaluation, and multivariate methods |
| title_full | Metal contamination in sediments of River Kalu, Maharashtra, India: Insights from pollution indices, health risk evaluation, and multivariate methods |
| title_fullStr | Metal contamination in sediments of River Kalu, Maharashtra, India: Insights from pollution indices, health risk evaluation, and multivariate methods |
| title_full_unstemmed | Metal contamination in sediments of River Kalu, Maharashtra, India: Insights from pollution indices, health risk evaluation, and multivariate methods |
| title_short | Metal contamination in sediments of River Kalu, Maharashtra, India: Insights from pollution indices, health risk evaluation, and multivariate methods |
| title_sort | metal contamination in sediments of river kalu maharashtra india insights from pollution indices health risk evaluation and multivariate methods |
| topic | Sediments Metal contamination Health risk assessment Multivariate analysis Pollution indices |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772826925000501 |
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