Whole genome and transcriptome analyses identify genetic markers associated with growth traits in Qinchuan black pig

Abstract Background Growth traits are economically important traits in pig breeding. However, the genetic mechanism of growth traits is still unclear. Qinchuan Black (QCB) pigs are crossbred and produced by hybridizing Guanzhong Black (GZB) pigs and Large White (LW) pigs, its characteristics include...

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Main Authors: Yaxin Wang, Guangquan Lv, Zhe Liu, Ye Cheng, Rongrong Ding, Gongshe Yang, Taiyong Yu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-05-01
Series:BMC Genomics
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12864-025-11627-5
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author Yaxin Wang
Guangquan Lv
Zhe Liu
Ye Cheng
Rongrong Ding
Gongshe Yang
Taiyong Yu
author_facet Yaxin Wang
Guangquan Lv
Zhe Liu
Ye Cheng
Rongrong Ding
Gongshe Yang
Taiyong Yu
author_sort Yaxin Wang
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background Growth traits are economically important traits in pig breeding. However, the genetic mechanism of growth traits is still unclear. Qinchuan Black (QCB) pigs are crossbred and produced by hybridizing Guanzhong Black (GZB) pigs and Large White (LW) pigs, its characteristics include fast growth and excellent meat quality. In this study, whole genome and transcriptome analyses revealed the candidate genes associated with growth traits in QCB pigs based on imputed low-coverage whole-genome resequencing data. Results In total, we used 197 low-depth whole-genome resequencing data with an average depth of 3.5X, and then the data were imputed to resequencing data using SWIM reference panel, the imputation accuracy parameters, allele frequency r2 and concordance rate were 0.86 and 95.83%, respectively. We used two methods to investigate the candidate genes affecting the growth traits of QCB pigs, a total of 371 PSGs were identified, which related to muscle tissue development, tissue development and system development. A total of 30,489,782 SNPs were retained. A GWAS of ten growth traits by using fixed and random model circulating probability unification (FarmCPU) model, was performed in QCB pigs. We discovered seven genome wide significant SNPs and eight genome wide suggestive significant SNPs associated with body weight at 2 months (2-BW), body length at 2 months (2-BL), body height at 2 months (2-BH) and body height at 4 months (4-BH), and eighteen potential candidate genes were discovered. Transcriptomic data revealed that 18 differentially expression genes related to muscle and growth and development. Additionally, whole genome and transcriptome analyses found six genes (TENM3, CTNND2, RIMS1, PCDH7, ADGRL3 and CTNNA3) may affect the growth traits in Qinchuan Black pigs. Conclusion Our study shows that more candidate genes associated with pig growth traits can be identified by whole genome and transcriptome analyses. We found that six genes may be new key candidate genes affecting pig growth traits. In conclusion, this study elucidated the molecular genetic mechanisms of growth traits and identified new molecular breeding targets, offering a robust scientific basis for advancing breeding strategies and genetic investigations within this breed.
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spelling doaj-art-2cbc143ba08a4e1ca0a7be945bbafc1d2025-08-20T03:10:16ZengBMCBMC Genomics1471-21642025-05-0126111610.1186/s12864-025-11627-5Whole genome and transcriptome analyses identify genetic markers associated with growth traits in Qinchuan black pigYaxin Wang0Guangquan Lv1Zhe Liu2Ye Cheng3Rongrong Ding4Gongshe Yang5Taiyong Yu6Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, Laboratory of Animal Fat Deposition and Muscle Development, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F UniversityKey Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, Laboratory of Animal Fat Deposition and Muscle Development, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F UniversityKey Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, Laboratory of Animal Fat Deposition and Muscle Development, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F UniversityKey Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, Laboratory of Animal Fat Deposition and Muscle Development, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F UniversityKey Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, Laboratory of Animal Fat Deposition and Muscle Development, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F UniversityKey Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, Laboratory of Animal Fat Deposition and Muscle Development, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F UniversityKey Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, Laboratory of Animal Fat Deposition and Muscle Development, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F UniversityAbstract Background Growth traits are economically important traits in pig breeding. However, the genetic mechanism of growth traits is still unclear. Qinchuan Black (QCB) pigs are crossbred and produced by hybridizing Guanzhong Black (GZB) pigs and Large White (LW) pigs, its characteristics include fast growth and excellent meat quality. In this study, whole genome and transcriptome analyses revealed the candidate genes associated with growth traits in QCB pigs based on imputed low-coverage whole-genome resequencing data. Results In total, we used 197 low-depth whole-genome resequencing data with an average depth of 3.5X, and then the data were imputed to resequencing data using SWIM reference panel, the imputation accuracy parameters, allele frequency r2 and concordance rate were 0.86 and 95.83%, respectively. We used two methods to investigate the candidate genes affecting the growth traits of QCB pigs, a total of 371 PSGs were identified, which related to muscle tissue development, tissue development and system development. A total of 30,489,782 SNPs were retained. A GWAS of ten growth traits by using fixed and random model circulating probability unification (FarmCPU) model, was performed in QCB pigs. We discovered seven genome wide significant SNPs and eight genome wide suggestive significant SNPs associated with body weight at 2 months (2-BW), body length at 2 months (2-BL), body height at 2 months (2-BH) and body height at 4 months (4-BH), and eighteen potential candidate genes were discovered. Transcriptomic data revealed that 18 differentially expression genes related to muscle and growth and development. Additionally, whole genome and transcriptome analyses found six genes (TENM3, CTNND2, RIMS1, PCDH7, ADGRL3 and CTNNA3) may affect the growth traits in Qinchuan Black pigs. Conclusion Our study shows that more candidate genes associated with pig growth traits can be identified by whole genome and transcriptome analyses. We found that six genes may be new key candidate genes affecting pig growth traits. In conclusion, this study elucidated the molecular genetic mechanisms of growth traits and identified new molecular breeding targets, offering a robust scientific basis for advancing breeding strategies and genetic investigations within this breed.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12864-025-11627-5Qinchuan black pigSelection signal analysisGenome-wide association studiesDifferential expression analysisGrowth traitsCandidate genes
spellingShingle Yaxin Wang
Guangquan Lv
Zhe Liu
Ye Cheng
Rongrong Ding
Gongshe Yang
Taiyong Yu
Whole genome and transcriptome analyses identify genetic markers associated with growth traits in Qinchuan black pig
BMC Genomics
Qinchuan black pig
Selection signal analysis
Genome-wide association studies
Differential expression analysis
Growth traits
Candidate genes
title Whole genome and transcriptome analyses identify genetic markers associated with growth traits in Qinchuan black pig
title_full Whole genome and transcriptome analyses identify genetic markers associated with growth traits in Qinchuan black pig
title_fullStr Whole genome and transcriptome analyses identify genetic markers associated with growth traits in Qinchuan black pig
title_full_unstemmed Whole genome and transcriptome analyses identify genetic markers associated with growth traits in Qinchuan black pig
title_short Whole genome and transcriptome analyses identify genetic markers associated with growth traits in Qinchuan black pig
title_sort whole genome and transcriptome analyses identify genetic markers associated with growth traits in qinchuan black pig
topic Qinchuan black pig
Selection signal analysis
Genome-wide association studies
Differential expression analysis
Growth traits
Candidate genes
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s12864-025-11627-5
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