Female breast cancer trends: A South African perspective

Background: Some clinicians and radiologists in South Africa (SA) suspect that aggressive subtypes of breast cancer are becoming more prevalent and that patients are presenting at younger ages. Objectives: This study aimed to analyse the prevalence and trends in female breast cancer presentations a...

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Main Authors: Heliodora De Lima, Sofia Ramos, Leisha Rajkumar, Herbert Cubasch
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: AOSIS 2025-05-01
Series:South African Journal of Radiology
Subjects:
Online Access:https://sajr.org.za/index.php/sajr/article/view/3117
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author Heliodora De Lima
Sofia Ramos
Leisha Rajkumar
Herbert Cubasch
author_facet Heliodora De Lima
Sofia Ramos
Leisha Rajkumar
Herbert Cubasch
author_sort Heliodora De Lima
collection DOAJ
description Background: Some clinicians and radiologists in South Africa (SA) suspect that aggressive subtypes of breast cancer are becoming more prevalent and that patients are presenting at younger ages. Objectives: This study aimed to analyse the prevalence and trends in female breast cancer presentations at a Breast Unit in Johannesburg, SA, by comparing data from 2012 and 2022. Method: A retrospective study was conducted at a tertiary hospital in Johannesburg. Records of female patients diagnosed with breast cancer between 2012 and 2022 were analysed. Demographic data, ultrasound or mammography findings, and tumour characteristics were compared. Results: A total of 493 records were reviewed: 165 (33.5%) from 2012 and 328 (66.5%) from 2022. The mean ± standard deviation (s.d.) age at presentation was 56.8 ± 16.8 years in 2012 and 54.1 ± 13.6 years in 2022 (p = 0.056). Tumours were smaller in 2022 (mean ± s.d., 35.0 mm ± 24.0 mm) compared to 2012 (48.1 mm ± 21.5 mm) (p  0.001). A higher proportion of women had positive oestrogen receptor status in 2022 (p = 0.005). No differences were observed in molecular subtypes. Conclusion: No significant change was found in the mean age at presentation, suggesting a stable demographic profile. However, reproductive, hormonal, and lifestyle factors may contribute to the rising prevalence among women aged 40–49 years. Smaller tumours likely reflect increased awareness and clinical breast examinations at local clinics. Contribution: This single-institution study underscores the need for broader national research to inform breast cancer screening and imaging guidelines.
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spelling doaj-art-2cb8590e045f45d2b9c2e1cf0dfcf89f2025-08-20T02:24:25ZengAOSISSouth African Journal of Radiology1027-202X2078-67782025-05-01291e1e910.4102/sajr.v29i1.31171287Female breast cancer trends: A South African perspectiveHeliodora De Lima0Sofia Ramos1Leisha Rajkumar2Herbert Cubasch3Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, JohannesburgDepartment of Diagnostic Radiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, JohannesburgDepartment of Diagnostic Radiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, JohannesburgDepartment of Surgery, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, JohannesburgBackground: Some clinicians and radiologists in South Africa (SA) suspect that aggressive subtypes of breast cancer are becoming more prevalent and that patients are presenting at younger ages. Objectives: This study aimed to analyse the prevalence and trends in female breast cancer presentations at a Breast Unit in Johannesburg, SA, by comparing data from 2012 and 2022. Method: A retrospective study was conducted at a tertiary hospital in Johannesburg. Records of female patients diagnosed with breast cancer between 2012 and 2022 were analysed. Demographic data, ultrasound or mammography findings, and tumour characteristics were compared. Results: A total of 493 records were reviewed: 165 (33.5%) from 2012 and 328 (66.5%) from 2022. The mean ± standard deviation (s.d.) age at presentation was 56.8 ± 16.8 years in 2012 and 54.1 ± 13.6 years in 2022 (p = 0.056). Tumours were smaller in 2022 (mean ± s.d., 35.0 mm ± 24.0 mm) compared to 2012 (48.1 mm ± 21.5 mm) (p  0.001). A higher proportion of women had positive oestrogen receptor status in 2022 (p = 0.005). No differences were observed in molecular subtypes. Conclusion: No significant change was found in the mean age at presentation, suggesting a stable demographic profile. However, reproductive, hormonal, and lifestyle factors may contribute to the rising prevalence among women aged 40–49 years. Smaller tumours likely reflect increased awareness and clinical breast examinations at local clinics. Contribution: This single-institution study underscores the need for broader national research to inform breast cancer screening and imaging guidelines.https://sajr.org.za/index.php/sajr/article/view/3117breast canceragedemographic characteristicstumour characteristicsbreast cancer trendsbreast imaging unit.
spellingShingle Heliodora De Lima
Sofia Ramos
Leisha Rajkumar
Herbert Cubasch
Female breast cancer trends: A South African perspective
South African Journal of Radiology
breast cancer
age
demographic characteristics
tumour characteristics
breast cancer trends
breast imaging unit.
title Female breast cancer trends: A South African perspective
title_full Female breast cancer trends: A South African perspective
title_fullStr Female breast cancer trends: A South African perspective
title_full_unstemmed Female breast cancer trends: A South African perspective
title_short Female breast cancer trends: A South African perspective
title_sort female breast cancer trends a south african perspective
topic breast cancer
age
demographic characteristics
tumour characteristics
breast cancer trends
breast imaging unit.
url https://sajr.org.za/index.php/sajr/article/view/3117
work_keys_str_mv AT heliodoradelima femalebreastcancertrendsasouthafricanperspective
AT sofiaramos femalebreastcancertrendsasouthafricanperspective
AT leisharajkumar femalebreastcancertrendsasouthafricanperspective
AT herbertcubasch femalebreastcancertrendsasouthafricanperspective