Landfast ice in the Kara Sea stabilizes the Arctic halocline and may slow down Atlantification of the Eurasian Basin

Abstract Observations show an Atlantification of the Eurasian Basin of the Arctic Ocean, with deeper penetration, shoaling, and ventilation of Atlantic waters in the eastern Arctic and an associated weakening of the cold halocline layer. These processes have a profound impact on the sea ice cover ab...

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Main Authors: Yuqing Liu, Martin Losch, L. Bruno Tremblay, Markus Janout
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-05-01
Series:Communications Earth & Environment
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-025-02360-8
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author Yuqing Liu
Martin Losch
L. Bruno Tremblay
Markus Janout
author_facet Yuqing Liu
Martin Losch
L. Bruno Tremblay
Markus Janout
author_sort Yuqing Liu
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Observations show an Atlantification of the Eurasian Basin of the Arctic Ocean, with deeper penetration, shoaling, and ventilation of Atlantic waters in the eastern Arctic and an associated weakening of the cold halocline layer. These processes have a profound impact on the sea ice cover above and potentially on the transition of the Arctic to a seasonal ice cover. Here we show, using a coupled ice-ocean model, that a proper simulation of the landfast ice cover in the relatively small but deeper peripheral Kara Sea has a disproportionately large influence on the halocline stability in the Eurasian Basin and beyond. Specifically, landfast ice in the Kara Sea reduces ice growth and therefore salt rejection into the surface ocean. This negative salinity anomaly is advected eastward with a coastal current along the continental shelf in the Makarov Basin and then out of the Arctic through Fram Strait by the Transpolar Drift Stream on timescales of less than ten years. Global Climate Models, however, do not yet include landfast ice parameterizations. Therefore, they are missing this key process affecting the halocline stability, Atlantification of the Makarov Basin, and potentially the timing of a seasonally ice-free Arctic.
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spelling doaj-art-2cae214d73514e5a95dfdbe0de0a4e152025-08-20T03:22:11ZengNature PortfolioCommunications Earth & Environment2662-44352025-05-01611810.1038/s43247-025-02360-8Landfast ice in the Kara Sea stabilizes the Arctic halocline and may slow down Atlantification of the Eurasian BasinYuqing Liu0Martin Losch1L. Bruno Tremblay2Markus Janout3Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar-und MeeresforschungAlfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar-und MeeresforschungDepartment of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, McGill UniversityAlfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar-und MeeresforschungAbstract Observations show an Atlantification of the Eurasian Basin of the Arctic Ocean, with deeper penetration, shoaling, and ventilation of Atlantic waters in the eastern Arctic and an associated weakening of the cold halocline layer. These processes have a profound impact on the sea ice cover above and potentially on the transition of the Arctic to a seasonal ice cover. Here we show, using a coupled ice-ocean model, that a proper simulation of the landfast ice cover in the relatively small but deeper peripheral Kara Sea has a disproportionately large influence on the halocline stability in the Eurasian Basin and beyond. Specifically, landfast ice in the Kara Sea reduces ice growth and therefore salt rejection into the surface ocean. This negative salinity anomaly is advected eastward with a coastal current along the continental shelf in the Makarov Basin and then out of the Arctic through Fram Strait by the Transpolar Drift Stream on timescales of less than ten years. Global Climate Models, however, do not yet include landfast ice parameterizations. Therefore, they are missing this key process affecting the halocline stability, Atlantification of the Makarov Basin, and potentially the timing of a seasonally ice-free Arctic.https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-025-02360-8
spellingShingle Yuqing Liu
Martin Losch
L. Bruno Tremblay
Markus Janout
Landfast ice in the Kara Sea stabilizes the Arctic halocline and may slow down Atlantification of the Eurasian Basin
Communications Earth & Environment
title Landfast ice in the Kara Sea stabilizes the Arctic halocline and may slow down Atlantification of the Eurasian Basin
title_full Landfast ice in the Kara Sea stabilizes the Arctic halocline and may slow down Atlantification of the Eurasian Basin
title_fullStr Landfast ice in the Kara Sea stabilizes the Arctic halocline and may slow down Atlantification of the Eurasian Basin
title_full_unstemmed Landfast ice in the Kara Sea stabilizes the Arctic halocline and may slow down Atlantification of the Eurasian Basin
title_short Landfast ice in the Kara Sea stabilizes the Arctic halocline and may slow down Atlantification of the Eurasian Basin
title_sort landfast ice in the kara sea stabilizes the arctic halocline and may slow down atlantification of the eurasian basin
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-025-02360-8
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AT lbrunotremblay landfasticeinthekaraseastabilizesthearctichaloclineandmayslowdownatlantificationoftheeurasianbasin
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