Human Herpesviruses, Bacteria, and Fungi in Gingivitis and Periodontitis Pediatric Subjects: A Systematic Review
<b>Objectives:</b> This systematic review assesses and compares the presence and relative abundance of periodontal pathogens, human herpesviruses (HHVs), and fungi in subgingival and/or saliva samples from pediatric subjects (≤18 years of age) with periodontally healthy status and with g...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2024-12-01
|
| Series: | Children |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9067/12/1/39 |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| Summary: | <b>Objectives:</b> This systematic review assesses and compares the presence and relative abundance of periodontal pathogens, human herpesviruses (HHVs), and fungi in subgingival and/or saliva samples from pediatric subjects (≤18 years of age) with periodontally healthy status and with gingivitis and/or periodontitis. <b>Methods:</b> The study protocol was conducted under the PRISMA statement and registered on PROSPERO (CRD42024593007). Data from seven studies were descriptively analyzed and qualitatively assessed through the ROBINS-1 and JBI tools. <b>Results:</b> Pediatric subjects with clinically healthy periodontium exhibited a balanced microbiome, with early colonizers (<i>Streptococcus</i> species) supporting biofilm development and late colonizers like <i>Fusobacterium nucleatum</i>, <i>Treponema denticola</i> (82.35%), and <i>Porphyromonas gingivalis</i> (29.7%) present at low levels, suggesting subclinical dysbiosis. Viruses such as HSV-I (100%), CMV (17.8%), and EBV-I (22.09%) coexisted in a likely latent state, maintained by effective immune responses. In pediatric periodontitis, biofilms were more diverse and pathogenic, with increased prevalence of <i>A. actinomycetemcomitans</i> (56.09%), <i>P. gingivalis</i> (55.4%), and <i>T. forsythia</i> (35.9%). Generalized periodontitis showed higher CMV (36.36%) and EBV-I (36.24%) prevalence than gingivitis (HSV-I 18.75%). Coinfections were frequent in periodontitis, suggesting bacterial–viral synergy in exacerbating inflammation and tissue destruction. Fungi, although not studied, may also contribute under specific conditions. <b>Conclusions:</b> These findings highlight the role of microbial interactions in periodontal health and disease progression. |
|---|---|
| ISSN: | 2227-9067 |