Prevalence, risk factors, and adverse outcomes of bacterial vaginosis among pregnant women: a systematic review
Abstract Introduction Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is one of the most common genital tract infections among women of reproductive age. The existence of BV among pregnant women has momentously attracted the attention of both clinicians and the scientific community due to its potential link with adverse c...
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BMC
2025-01-01
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| Series: | BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-025-07144-8 |
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| author | Neha Sethi Vallikkannu Narayanan Rahmah Saaid Aizura Syafinaz Ahmad Adlan Soo Tein Ngoi Cindy Shuan Ju Teh Mashitah Hamidi on behalf of WHOW research group |
| author_facet | Neha Sethi Vallikkannu Narayanan Rahmah Saaid Aizura Syafinaz Ahmad Adlan Soo Tein Ngoi Cindy Shuan Ju Teh Mashitah Hamidi on behalf of WHOW research group |
| author_sort | Neha Sethi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Introduction Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is one of the most common genital tract infections among women of reproductive age. The existence of BV among pregnant women has momentously attracted the attention of both clinicians and the scientific community due to its potential link with adverse clinical outcomes in pregnancy. Methods To evaluate the prevalence, risk factors, and adverse outcomes of bacterial vaginosis among pregnant women, a comprehensive systematic review was conducted based on the preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analyses (PRISMA) criteria. PubMed, ScienceDirect, ClinicalTrials.gov and Cochrane database searches were conducted independently by two authors until May 13th, 2023. Results The search strategies yielded a total of 2237 records; among them, 12 studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in the qualitative synthesis. Majority of the included studies demonstrated a high prevalence of BV among African women. The risk of developing BV during pregnancy was highest among women with multiple sexual partners. Additionally, factors including age, socioeconomic status, unhygienic practices, ethnicity, 2nd trimester, spontaneous abortion, vaginal douching, symptoms, and history of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) were also associated with a higher prevalence of BV. Overall, 7 studies reported adverse outcomes during pregnancy which was directly associated with BV. Based on the review, it was found that PROM, PTB, and LBW were the most frequently reported adverse outcomes in pregnant women with BV. Conclusion In summary, the high prevalence of bacterial vaginosis necessitates a global surveillance approach to delineate the health risks imposed on both mother and child, and promote cost-effective strategic measures to alleviate the undesired consequences of BV during pregnancy. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-2c474929b838450c9d7628bd216370a1 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1471-2393 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth |
| spelling | doaj-art-2c474929b838450c9d7628bd216370a12025-01-26T12:57:03ZengBMCBMC Pregnancy and Childbirth1471-23932025-01-0125111310.1186/s12884-025-07144-8Prevalence, risk factors, and adverse outcomes of bacterial vaginosis among pregnant women: a systematic reviewNeha Sethi0Vallikkannu Narayanan1Rahmah Saaid2Aizura Syafinaz Ahmad Adlan3Soo Tein Ngoi4Cindy Shuan Ju Teh5Mashitah Hamidi6on behalf of WHOW research groupDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti MalayaDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti MalayaDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti MalayaDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti MalayaDepartment of Anaesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti MalayaDepartment of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti MalayaDepartment of Social Administration & Justice, Faculty of Arts & Social Sciences, Universiti MalayaAbstract Introduction Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is one of the most common genital tract infections among women of reproductive age. The existence of BV among pregnant women has momentously attracted the attention of both clinicians and the scientific community due to its potential link with adverse clinical outcomes in pregnancy. Methods To evaluate the prevalence, risk factors, and adverse outcomes of bacterial vaginosis among pregnant women, a comprehensive systematic review was conducted based on the preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analyses (PRISMA) criteria. PubMed, ScienceDirect, ClinicalTrials.gov and Cochrane database searches were conducted independently by two authors until May 13th, 2023. Results The search strategies yielded a total of 2237 records; among them, 12 studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in the qualitative synthesis. Majority of the included studies demonstrated a high prevalence of BV among African women. The risk of developing BV during pregnancy was highest among women with multiple sexual partners. Additionally, factors including age, socioeconomic status, unhygienic practices, ethnicity, 2nd trimester, spontaneous abortion, vaginal douching, symptoms, and history of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) were also associated with a higher prevalence of BV. Overall, 7 studies reported adverse outcomes during pregnancy which was directly associated with BV. Based on the review, it was found that PROM, PTB, and LBW were the most frequently reported adverse outcomes in pregnant women with BV. Conclusion In summary, the high prevalence of bacterial vaginosis necessitates a global surveillance approach to delineate the health risks imposed on both mother and child, and promote cost-effective strategic measures to alleviate the undesired consequences of BV during pregnancy.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-025-07144-8Bacterial vaginosisPrevalenceRisk factorsAdverse outcomesPregnancy |
| spellingShingle | Neha Sethi Vallikkannu Narayanan Rahmah Saaid Aizura Syafinaz Ahmad Adlan Soo Tein Ngoi Cindy Shuan Ju Teh Mashitah Hamidi on behalf of WHOW research group Prevalence, risk factors, and adverse outcomes of bacterial vaginosis among pregnant women: a systematic review BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth Bacterial vaginosis Prevalence Risk factors Adverse outcomes Pregnancy |
| title | Prevalence, risk factors, and adverse outcomes of bacterial vaginosis among pregnant women: a systematic review |
| title_full | Prevalence, risk factors, and adverse outcomes of bacterial vaginosis among pregnant women: a systematic review |
| title_fullStr | Prevalence, risk factors, and adverse outcomes of bacterial vaginosis among pregnant women: a systematic review |
| title_full_unstemmed | Prevalence, risk factors, and adverse outcomes of bacterial vaginosis among pregnant women: a systematic review |
| title_short | Prevalence, risk factors, and adverse outcomes of bacterial vaginosis among pregnant women: a systematic review |
| title_sort | prevalence risk factors and adverse outcomes of bacterial vaginosis among pregnant women a systematic review |
| topic | Bacterial vaginosis Prevalence Risk factors Adverse outcomes Pregnancy |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-025-07144-8 |
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