Hyaluronic Acid: Production Strategies, Gel-Forming Properties, and Advances in Drug Delivery Systems
Hyaluronic acid (HA) is a naturally occurring glycosaminoglycan widely recognised for its biocompatibility, biodegradability, and unique viscoelastic properties. Its structural versatility enables the formation of hydrogels with tuneable physicochemical characteristics, making it a valuable biomater...
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MDPI AG
2025-06-01
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| Series: | Gels |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2310-2861/11/6/424 |
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| author | Maciej Grabowski Dominika Gmyrek Maria Żurawska Anna Trusek |
| author_facet | Maciej Grabowski Dominika Gmyrek Maria Żurawska Anna Trusek |
| author_sort | Maciej Grabowski |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Hyaluronic acid (HA) is a naturally occurring glycosaminoglycan widely recognised for its biocompatibility, biodegradability, and unique viscoelastic properties. Its structural versatility enables the formation of hydrogels with tuneable physicochemical characteristics, making it a valuable biomaterial in drug delivery and regenerative medicine. This review outlines HA properties, gel-forming approaches, and modern medicine and bioengineering applications. It provides a comprehensive overview of advances in HA production strategies, including microbial fermentation, animal tissue extraction, and production in vitro. Particular attention is given to gel-forming mechanisms, emphasising physical and chemical crosslinking methods like carbodiimide crosslinking, radical polymerisation, and enzymatic crosslinking. Advances in HA-based drug delivery systems and applications of HA-based materials in tissue engineering are also discussed, focusing on HA-based hydrogels with conjugates and combinations with compounds like collagen, alginate, and chitosan. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-2c319cff12914a7d87c345e12eb5cac1 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2310-2861 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Gels |
| spelling | doaj-art-2c319cff12914a7d87c345e12eb5cac12025-08-20T03:24:36ZengMDPI AGGels2310-28612025-06-0111642410.3390/gels11060424Hyaluronic Acid: Production Strategies, Gel-Forming Properties, and Advances in Drug Delivery SystemsMaciej Grabowski0Dominika Gmyrek1Maria Żurawska2Anna Trusek3Department of Micro, Nano and Bioprocess Engineering, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeze Wyspianskiego 27, 50-370 Wroclaw, PolandDepartment of Micro, Nano and Bioprocess Engineering, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeze Wyspianskiego 27, 50-370 Wroclaw, PolandDepartment of Micro, Nano and Bioprocess Engineering, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeze Wyspianskiego 27, 50-370 Wroclaw, PolandDepartment of Micro, Nano and Bioprocess Engineering, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeze Wyspianskiego 27, 50-370 Wroclaw, PolandHyaluronic acid (HA) is a naturally occurring glycosaminoglycan widely recognised for its biocompatibility, biodegradability, and unique viscoelastic properties. Its structural versatility enables the formation of hydrogels with tuneable physicochemical characteristics, making it a valuable biomaterial in drug delivery and regenerative medicine. This review outlines HA properties, gel-forming approaches, and modern medicine and bioengineering applications. It provides a comprehensive overview of advances in HA production strategies, including microbial fermentation, animal tissue extraction, and production in vitro. Particular attention is given to gel-forming mechanisms, emphasising physical and chemical crosslinking methods like carbodiimide crosslinking, radical polymerisation, and enzymatic crosslinking. Advances in HA-based drug delivery systems and applications of HA-based materials in tissue engineering are also discussed, focusing on HA-based hydrogels with conjugates and combinations with compounds like collagen, alginate, and chitosan.https://www.mdpi.com/2310-2861/11/6/424hyaluronic acidmicrobial hyaluronic acid productionhyaluronic-acid-based hydrogelsdrug delivery |
| spellingShingle | Maciej Grabowski Dominika Gmyrek Maria Żurawska Anna Trusek Hyaluronic Acid: Production Strategies, Gel-Forming Properties, and Advances in Drug Delivery Systems Gels hyaluronic acid microbial hyaluronic acid production hyaluronic-acid-based hydrogels drug delivery |
| title | Hyaluronic Acid: Production Strategies, Gel-Forming Properties, and Advances in Drug Delivery Systems |
| title_full | Hyaluronic Acid: Production Strategies, Gel-Forming Properties, and Advances in Drug Delivery Systems |
| title_fullStr | Hyaluronic Acid: Production Strategies, Gel-Forming Properties, and Advances in Drug Delivery Systems |
| title_full_unstemmed | Hyaluronic Acid: Production Strategies, Gel-Forming Properties, and Advances in Drug Delivery Systems |
| title_short | Hyaluronic Acid: Production Strategies, Gel-Forming Properties, and Advances in Drug Delivery Systems |
| title_sort | hyaluronic acid production strategies gel forming properties and advances in drug delivery systems |
| topic | hyaluronic acid microbial hyaluronic acid production hyaluronic-acid-based hydrogels drug delivery |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2310-2861/11/6/424 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT maciejgrabowski hyaluronicacidproductionstrategiesgelformingpropertiesandadvancesindrugdeliverysystems AT dominikagmyrek hyaluronicacidproductionstrategiesgelformingpropertiesandadvancesindrugdeliverysystems AT mariazurawska hyaluronicacidproductionstrategiesgelformingpropertiesandadvancesindrugdeliverysystems AT annatrusek hyaluronicacidproductionstrategiesgelformingpropertiesandadvancesindrugdeliverysystems |