Glutamate transporter SLC1A6 promotes resistance to immunotherapy in cancer

Abstract Background Resistance to immune checkpoint inhibitors remains a significant challenge in the treatment of cancer. Emerging evidence suggests that metabolic reprogramming plays a crucial role in tumor metabolism and progression. Our study strived to investigate the role and underlying mechan...

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Main Authors: Chenchen Li, Yi Lin, Haoran Zheng, Hengda Zeng, Longhao Xu, Daqin Wu, Jianwen Lao, Peicong Cai, Shuai Liang, Chunhui Wang, Tianxin Lin, Wenlong Zhong
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Springer 2025-06-01
Series:Cancer Immunology, Immunotherapy
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1007/s00262-025-04074-4
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author Chenchen Li
Yi Lin
Haoran Zheng
Hengda Zeng
Longhao Xu
Daqin Wu
Jianwen Lao
Peicong Cai
Shuai Liang
Chunhui Wang
Tianxin Lin
Wenlong Zhong
author_facet Chenchen Li
Yi Lin
Haoran Zheng
Hengda Zeng
Longhao Xu
Daqin Wu
Jianwen Lao
Peicong Cai
Shuai Liang
Chunhui Wang
Tianxin Lin
Wenlong Zhong
author_sort Chenchen Li
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background Resistance to immune checkpoint inhibitors remains a significant challenge in the treatment of cancer. Emerging evidence suggests that metabolic reprogramming plays a crucial role in tumor metabolism and progression. Our study strived to investigate the role and underlying mechanisms of the glutamate transporter SLC1A6 in resistance to immunotherapy of cancer. Methods Single-cell RNA sequencing was performed on bladder cancer patients receiving neoadjuvant immunotherapy to identify the expression of SLC1A6 in treatment-resistant cases. The clinical prognostic value of SLC1A6 in cancer was validated using publicly available lung cancer single-cell datasets, as well as transcriptomic data from both bladder and lung cancer cohorts. Flow cytometry was employed to assess the impact of SLC1A6 knockdown on the effector function of CD8⁺ T cell. In vivo tumor models were used to evaluate the role of SLC1A6 in immunotherapy resistance, with immunofluorescence staining performed to examine GZMB⁺ CD8⁺ T cell infiltration. Results SLC1A6 was highly expressed in bladder cancer patients resistant to neoadjuvant immunotherapy, and its expression was associated with disease progression, poor prognosis, and low immune infiltration. Knockdown of SLC1A6 in tumor cells enhanced CD8⁺ T cell effector function. SLC1A6 knockdown also improved the efficacy of immunotherapy and increased the infiltration of GZMB⁺ CD8⁺ T cells within the tumor microenvironment. Conclusions SLC1A6 plays a critical role in resistance to immunotherapy in cancer. Targeting SLC1A6 may provide a promising therapeutic strategy for improving responses to neoadjuvant immunotherapy and advancing combination treatment approaches.
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spelling doaj-art-2c0c17cd43be42e38efb6b036eeb8a292025-08-20T03:43:15ZengSpringerCancer Immunology, Immunotherapy1432-08512025-06-0174811310.1007/s00262-025-04074-4Glutamate transporter SLC1A6 promotes resistance to immunotherapy in cancerChenchen Li0Yi Lin1Haoran Zheng2Hengda Zeng3Longhao Xu4Daqin Wu5Jianwen Lao6Peicong Cai7Shuai Liang8Chunhui Wang9Tianxin Lin10Wenlong Zhong11Department of Medical Oncology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen UniversityDepartment of Urology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen UniversityDepartment of Urology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen UniversityDepartment of Urology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen UniversityDepartment of Urology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen UniversityDepartment of Urology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen UniversityDepartment of Urology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen UniversityDepartment of Urology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen UniversityDepartment of Urology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen UniversityDepartment of Urology, Yan’an Hospital Affiliated With Kunming Medical UniversityDepartment of Urology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen UniversityDepartment of Urology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen UniversityAbstract Background Resistance to immune checkpoint inhibitors remains a significant challenge in the treatment of cancer. Emerging evidence suggests that metabolic reprogramming plays a crucial role in tumor metabolism and progression. Our study strived to investigate the role and underlying mechanisms of the glutamate transporter SLC1A6 in resistance to immunotherapy of cancer. Methods Single-cell RNA sequencing was performed on bladder cancer patients receiving neoadjuvant immunotherapy to identify the expression of SLC1A6 in treatment-resistant cases. The clinical prognostic value of SLC1A6 in cancer was validated using publicly available lung cancer single-cell datasets, as well as transcriptomic data from both bladder and lung cancer cohorts. Flow cytometry was employed to assess the impact of SLC1A6 knockdown on the effector function of CD8⁺ T cell. In vivo tumor models were used to evaluate the role of SLC1A6 in immunotherapy resistance, with immunofluorescence staining performed to examine GZMB⁺ CD8⁺ T cell infiltration. Results SLC1A6 was highly expressed in bladder cancer patients resistant to neoadjuvant immunotherapy, and its expression was associated with disease progression, poor prognosis, and low immune infiltration. Knockdown of SLC1A6 in tumor cells enhanced CD8⁺ T cell effector function. SLC1A6 knockdown also improved the efficacy of immunotherapy and increased the infiltration of GZMB⁺ CD8⁺ T cells within the tumor microenvironment. Conclusions SLC1A6 plays a critical role in resistance to immunotherapy in cancer. Targeting SLC1A6 may provide a promising therapeutic strategy for improving responses to neoadjuvant immunotherapy and advancing combination treatment approaches.https://doi.org/10.1007/s00262-025-04074-4Cancer treatmentSLC1A6ImmunotherapyT cells
spellingShingle Chenchen Li
Yi Lin
Haoran Zheng
Hengda Zeng
Longhao Xu
Daqin Wu
Jianwen Lao
Peicong Cai
Shuai Liang
Chunhui Wang
Tianxin Lin
Wenlong Zhong
Glutamate transporter SLC1A6 promotes resistance to immunotherapy in cancer
Cancer Immunology, Immunotherapy
Cancer treatment
SLC1A6
Immunotherapy
T cells
title Glutamate transporter SLC1A6 promotes resistance to immunotherapy in cancer
title_full Glutamate transporter SLC1A6 promotes resistance to immunotherapy in cancer
title_fullStr Glutamate transporter SLC1A6 promotes resistance to immunotherapy in cancer
title_full_unstemmed Glutamate transporter SLC1A6 promotes resistance to immunotherapy in cancer
title_short Glutamate transporter SLC1A6 promotes resistance to immunotherapy in cancer
title_sort glutamate transporter slc1a6 promotes resistance to immunotherapy in cancer
topic Cancer treatment
SLC1A6
Immunotherapy
T cells
url https://doi.org/10.1007/s00262-025-04074-4
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