Advancing Neuroscience and Therapy: Insights into Genetic and Non-Genetic Neuromodulation Approaches
Neuromodulation stands as a cutting-edge approach in the fields of neuroscience and therapeutic intervention typically involving the regulation of neural activity through physical and chemical stimuli. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview and evaluation of different neuromodulation t...
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MDPI AG
2025-01-01
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| Series: | Cells |
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| author | Weijia Zhi Ying Li Lifeng Wang Xiangjun Hu |
| author_facet | Weijia Zhi Ying Li Lifeng Wang Xiangjun Hu |
| author_sort | Weijia Zhi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Neuromodulation stands as a cutting-edge approach in the fields of neuroscience and therapeutic intervention typically involving the regulation of neural activity through physical and chemical stimuli. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview and evaluation of different neuromodulation techniques, anticipating a clearer understanding of the future developmental trajectories and the challenges faced within the domain of neuromodulation that can be achieved. This review categorizes neuromodulation techniques into genetic neuromodulation methods (including optogenetics, chemogenetics, sonogenetics, and magnetogenetics) and non-genetic neuromodulation methods (including deep brain stimulation, transcranial magnetic stimulation, transcranial direct current stimulation, transcranial ultrasound stimulation, photobiomodulation therapy, infrared neuromodulation, electromagnetic stimulation, sensory stimulation therapy, and multi-physical-factor stimulation techniques). By systematically evaluating the principles, mechanisms, advantages, limitations, and efficacy in modulating neuronal activity and the potential applications in interventions of neurological disorders of these neuromodulation techniques, a comprehensive picture is gradually emerging regarding the advantages and challenges of neuromodulation techniques, their developmental trajectory, and their potential clinical applications. This review highlights significant advancements in applying these techniques to treat neurological and psychiatric disorders. Genetic methods, such as sonogenetics and magnetogenetics, have demonstrated high specificity and temporal precision in targeting neuronal populations, while non-genetic methods, such as transcranial magnetic stimulation and photobiomodulation therapy, offer noninvasive and versatile clinical intervention options. The transformative potential of these neuromodulation techniques in neuroscience research and clinical practice is underscored, emphasizing the need for integration and innovation in technologies, the optimization of delivery methods, the improvement of mediums, and the evaluation of toxicity to fully harness their therapeutic potential. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-2bff7f3a95164f6ba9988e7f95e3da89 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2073-4409 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Cells |
| spelling | doaj-art-2bff7f3a95164f6ba9988e7f95e3da892025-01-24T13:26:45ZengMDPI AGCells2073-44092025-01-0114212210.3390/cells14020122Advancing Neuroscience and Therapy: Insights into Genetic and Non-Genetic Neuromodulation ApproachesWeijia Zhi0Ying Li1Lifeng Wang2Xiangjun Hu3Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, ChinaSchool of Life Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, ChinaBeijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, ChinaBeijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, ChinaNeuromodulation stands as a cutting-edge approach in the fields of neuroscience and therapeutic intervention typically involving the regulation of neural activity through physical and chemical stimuli. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview and evaluation of different neuromodulation techniques, anticipating a clearer understanding of the future developmental trajectories and the challenges faced within the domain of neuromodulation that can be achieved. This review categorizes neuromodulation techniques into genetic neuromodulation methods (including optogenetics, chemogenetics, sonogenetics, and magnetogenetics) and non-genetic neuromodulation methods (including deep brain stimulation, transcranial magnetic stimulation, transcranial direct current stimulation, transcranial ultrasound stimulation, photobiomodulation therapy, infrared neuromodulation, electromagnetic stimulation, sensory stimulation therapy, and multi-physical-factor stimulation techniques). By systematically evaluating the principles, mechanisms, advantages, limitations, and efficacy in modulating neuronal activity and the potential applications in interventions of neurological disorders of these neuromodulation techniques, a comprehensive picture is gradually emerging regarding the advantages and challenges of neuromodulation techniques, their developmental trajectory, and their potential clinical applications. This review highlights significant advancements in applying these techniques to treat neurological and psychiatric disorders. Genetic methods, such as sonogenetics and magnetogenetics, have demonstrated high specificity and temporal precision in targeting neuronal populations, while non-genetic methods, such as transcranial magnetic stimulation and photobiomodulation therapy, offer noninvasive and versatile clinical intervention options. The transformative potential of these neuromodulation techniques in neuroscience research and clinical practice is underscored, emphasizing the need for integration and innovation in technologies, the optimization of delivery methods, the improvement of mediums, and the evaluation of toxicity to fully harness their therapeutic potential.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/14/2/122genetic neuromodulationmagnetogeneticssonogeneticsnon-genetic physical neuromodulation |
| spellingShingle | Weijia Zhi Ying Li Lifeng Wang Xiangjun Hu Advancing Neuroscience and Therapy: Insights into Genetic and Non-Genetic Neuromodulation Approaches Cells genetic neuromodulation magnetogenetics sonogenetics non-genetic physical neuromodulation |
| title | Advancing Neuroscience and Therapy: Insights into Genetic and Non-Genetic Neuromodulation Approaches |
| title_full | Advancing Neuroscience and Therapy: Insights into Genetic and Non-Genetic Neuromodulation Approaches |
| title_fullStr | Advancing Neuroscience and Therapy: Insights into Genetic and Non-Genetic Neuromodulation Approaches |
| title_full_unstemmed | Advancing Neuroscience and Therapy: Insights into Genetic and Non-Genetic Neuromodulation Approaches |
| title_short | Advancing Neuroscience and Therapy: Insights into Genetic and Non-Genetic Neuromodulation Approaches |
| title_sort | advancing neuroscience and therapy insights into genetic and non genetic neuromodulation approaches |
| topic | genetic neuromodulation magnetogenetics sonogenetics non-genetic physical neuromodulation |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/14/2/122 |
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