International REACH forgiveness intervention: a multisite randomised controlled trial
Objectives To determine whether a brief self-directed forgiveness workbook intervention could alter forgiveness, depression symptoms, and anxiety symptoms.Design A multisite randomised waitlist-controlled trial was conducted among 4598 participants. Recruitment occurred from 11 February 2020 to 30 S...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
BMJ Publishing Group
2024-04-01
|
| Series: | BMJ Public Health |
| Online Access: | https://bmjpublichealth.bmj.com/content/2/1/e000072.full |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1832583075060514816 |
|---|---|
| author | Tyler J Vanderweele Nicole Rodriguez Richard G Cowden Man Yee Ho Everett L Worthington Andrea Ortega Bechara Zhuo Job Chen Elly Yuliandari Gunatirin Shaun Joynt Viacheslav V Khalanskyi Hennadii Korzhov Ni Made Taganing Kurniati Anastasiya Anastasiya Salnykova Liudmyla Shtanko Sergiy Tymchenko Vitaliy L Voytenko Anita Zulkaida Maya B Mathur |
| author_facet | Tyler J Vanderweele Nicole Rodriguez Richard G Cowden Man Yee Ho Everett L Worthington Andrea Ortega Bechara Zhuo Job Chen Elly Yuliandari Gunatirin Shaun Joynt Viacheslav V Khalanskyi Hennadii Korzhov Ni Made Taganing Kurniati Anastasiya Anastasiya Salnykova Liudmyla Shtanko Sergiy Tymchenko Vitaliy L Voytenko Anita Zulkaida Maya B Mathur |
| author_sort | Tyler J Vanderweele |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Objectives To determine whether a brief self-directed forgiveness workbook intervention could alter forgiveness, depression symptoms, and anxiety symptoms.Design A multisite randomised waitlist-controlled trial was conducted among 4598 participants. Recruitment occurred from 11 February 2020 to 30 September 2021. Final follow-up occurred on 25 October 2021.Setting Participants were recruited from community-based samples in sites in Colombia, Hong Kong, Indonesia, South Africa, and Ukraine.Participants Individuals (n=7837) were screened for eligibility. For inclusion, participants needed to be ≥18 years and have experienced an interpersonal transgression. The analytic sample consisted of n=4598 participants, median age 26 and 73% female.Interventions At each site, participants were randomly assigned to either immediate receipt of a self-directed forgiveness workbook intervention, or to receipt after a 2 week delay.Main outcomes measures The primary outcomes were unforgiveness (Transgression-Related Interpersonal Motivations Inventory-18), depression symptoms, and anxiety symptoms (Brief Symptom Inventory-18) measured at 2 weeks following intervention assignment.Results At 2 weeks follow-up, unforgiveness was lower among the immediate-treatment group compared with the delayed-treatment group (standardised mean difference=−0.53 (95% CI=−0.58 to –0.47)); similar patterns were found for depression (standardised mean difference=−0.22 (95% CI=−0.28 to –0.16)) and anxiety symptoms (standardised mean difference=−0.21 (95% CI=−0.27 to –0.15)).Conclusions A brief workbook intervention promoted forgiveness and reduced depression and anxiety symptoms. The promotion of forgiveness with such workbooks has the potential for widespread dissemination to improve global mental health.Trial registration number NCT04257773. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-2bfad197385944d9bd71d00bf9e79a18 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2753-4294 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-04-01 |
| publisher | BMJ Publishing Group |
| record_format | Article |
| series | BMJ Public Health |
| spelling | doaj-art-2bfad197385944d9bd71d00bf9e79a182025-01-29T04:25:09ZengBMJ Publishing GroupBMJ Public Health2753-42942024-04-012110.1136/bmjph-2023-000072International REACH forgiveness intervention: a multisite randomised controlled trialTyler J Vanderweele0Nicole Rodriguez1Richard G Cowden2Man Yee Ho3Everett L Worthington4Andrea Ortega Bechara5Zhuo Job Chen6Elly Yuliandari Gunatirin7Shaun Joynt8Viacheslav V Khalanskyi9Hennadii Korzhov10Ni Made Taganing Kurniati11Anastasiya Anastasiya Salnykova12Liudmyla Shtanko13Sergiy Tymchenko14Vitaliy L Voytenko15Anita Zulkaida16Maya B Mathur17Harvard University T H Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USADepartment of Psychology, Anastasiya Salnykova PhD Realis Christian Center for Education and Research, Kyiv, UkraineHarvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USAShine Psychological Counseling Centre, Hong Kong, Hong KongDepartment of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USADepartment of Psychology, Universidad del Sinú, Monteria, Québec, ColombiaUniversity of North Carolina, Charlotte, North Carolina, USAUniversitas Surabaya, Surabaya, IndonesiaDepartment of Practical and Missional Theology, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South AfricaDepartment of Pedagogy and Psychology, Ukrainian Institute of Arts and Sciences, Bucha, UkraineKyiv Polytechnic Institute, Kiiv, UkraineFaculty of Psychology Universitas Gunadarma Jawa Barat, Depok, Jawa Barat, IndonesiaRealis Christian Center for Education and Research, Kyiv, UkraineDepartment of Economic Cybernetics, Finance and Management Ukrainian Institute of Arts and Sciences, Bucha, UkraineRealis Christian Center for Education and Research, Kyiv, UkraineMichigan State University College of Human Medicine, East Lansing, Michigan, USAFaculty of Psychology Universitas Gunadarma Jawa Barat, Depok, Jawa Barat, IndonesiaDepartment of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USAObjectives To determine whether a brief self-directed forgiveness workbook intervention could alter forgiveness, depression symptoms, and anxiety symptoms.Design A multisite randomised waitlist-controlled trial was conducted among 4598 participants. Recruitment occurred from 11 February 2020 to 30 September 2021. Final follow-up occurred on 25 October 2021.Setting Participants were recruited from community-based samples in sites in Colombia, Hong Kong, Indonesia, South Africa, and Ukraine.Participants Individuals (n=7837) were screened for eligibility. For inclusion, participants needed to be ≥18 years and have experienced an interpersonal transgression. The analytic sample consisted of n=4598 participants, median age 26 and 73% female.Interventions At each site, participants were randomly assigned to either immediate receipt of a self-directed forgiveness workbook intervention, or to receipt after a 2 week delay.Main outcomes measures The primary outcomes were unforgiveness (Transgression-Related Interpersonal Motivations Inventory-18), depression symptoms, and anxiety symptoms (Brief Symptom Inventory-18) measured at 2 weeks following intervention assignment.Results At 2 weeks follow-up, unforgiveness was lower among the immediate-treatment group compared with the delayed-treatment group (standardised mean difference=−0.53 (95% CI=−0.58 to –0.47)); similar patterns were found for depression (standardised mean difference=−0.22 (95% CI=−0.28 to –0.16)) and anxiety symptoms (standardised mean difference=−0.21 (95% CI=−0.27 to –0.15)).Conclusions A brief workbook intervention promoted forgiveness and reduced depression and anxiety symptoms. The promotion of forgiveness with such workbooks has the potential for widespread dissemination to improve global mental health.Trial registration number NCT04257773.https://bmjpublichealth.bmj.com/content/2/1/e000072.full |
| spellingShingle | Tyler J Vanderweele Nicole Rodriguez Richard G Cowden Man Yee Ho Everett L Worthington Andrea Ortega Bechara Zhuo Job Chen Elly Yuliandari Gunatirin Shaun Joynt Viacheslav V Khalanskyi Hennadii Korzhov Ni Made Taganing Kurniati Anastasiya Anastasiya Salnykova Liudmyla Shtanko Sergiy Tymchenko Vitaliy L Voytenko Anita Zulkaida Maya B Mathur International REACH forgiveness intervention: a multisite randomised controlled trial BMJ Public Health |
| title | International REACH forgiveness intervention: a multisite randomised controlled trial |
| title_full | International REACH forgiveness intervention: a multisite randomised controlled trial |
| title_fullStr | International REACH forgiveness intervention: a multisite randomised controlled trial |
| title_full_unstemmed | International REACH forgiveness intervention: a multisite randomised controlled trial |
| title_short | International REACH forgiveness intervention: a multisite randomised controlled trial |
| title_sort | international reach forgiveness intervention a multisite randomised controlled trial |
| url | https://bmjpublichealth.bmj.com/content/2/1/e000072.full |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT tylerjvanderweele internationalreachforgivenessinterventionamultisiterandomisedcontrolledtrial AT nicolerodriguez internationalreachforgivenessinterventionamultisiterandomisedcontrolledtrial AT richardgcowden internationalreachforgivenessinterventionamultisiterandomisedcontrolledtrial AT manyeeho internationalreachforgivenessinterventionamultisiterandomisedcontrolledtrial AT everettlworthington internationalreachforgivenessinterventionamultisiterandomisedcontrolledtrial AT andreaortegabechara internationalreachforgivenessinterventionamultisiterandomisedcontrolledtrial AT zhuojobchen internationalreachforgivenessinterventionamultisiterandomisedcontrolledtrial AT ellyyuliandarigunatirin internationalreachforgivenessinterventionamultisiterandomisedcontrolledtrial AT shaunjoynt internationalreachforgivenessinterventionamultisiterandomisedcontrolledtrial AT viacheslavvkhalanskyi internationalreachforgivenessinterventionamultisiterandomisedcontrolledtrial AT hennadiikorzhov internationalreachforgivenessinterventionamultisiterandomisedcontrolledtrial AT nimadetaganingkurniati internationalreachforgivenessinterventionamultisiterandomisedcontrolledtrial AT anastasiyaanastasiyasalnykova internationalreachforgivenessinterventionamultisiterandomisedcontrolledtrial AT liudmylashtanko internationalreachforgivenessinterventionamultisiterandomisedcontrolledtrial AT sergiytymchenko internationalreachforgivenessinterventionamultisiterandomisedcontrolledtrial AT vitaliylvoytenko internationalreachforgivenessinterventionamultisiterandomisedcontrolledtrial AT anitazulkaida internationalreachforgivenessinterventionamultisiterandomisedcontrolledtrial AT mayabmathur internationalreachforgivenessinterventionamultisiterandomisedcontrolledtrial |