Damage on a Solid–Liquid Interface Induced by the Dynamical Behavior of Injected Gas Bubbles in Flowing Mercury
Microbubbles have been applied in various fields. In the mercury targets of spallation neutron sources, where cavitation damage is a crucial issue for life estimation, microbubbles are injected into the mercury to absorb the thermal expansion of the mercury caused by the pulsed proton beam injection...
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MDPI AG
2024-12-01
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| Series: | Fluids |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2311-5521/10/1/3 |
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| author | Hiroyuki Kogawa Takashi Wakui Masatoshi Futakawa |
| author_facet | Hiroyuki Kogawa Takashi Wakui Masatoshi Futakawa |
| author_sort | Hiroyuki Kogawa |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Microbubbles have been applied in various fields. In the mercury targets of spallation neutron sources, where cavitation damage is a crucial issue for life estimation, microbubbles are injected into the mercury to absorb the thermal expansion of the mercury caused by the pulsed proton beam injection and reduce the macroscopic pressure waves, which results in reducing the damage. Recently, when the proton beam power was increased and the number of injected gas bubbles was increased, unique damage morphologies were observed on the solid–liquid interface. Detailed observation and numerical analyses revealed that the microscopic pressure emitted from the gas bubbles contracting is sufficient to form pit damage, i.e., the directions of streak-like defects which are formed by connecting the pit damage coincides with the direction of the gas bubble trajectories, and the distances between the pits was understandable when taking the natural period of gas bubble vibration into account. This indicates that gas microbubbles, used to reduce macroscopic pressure waves, have the potential to be inceptions of cavitation damage due to the microscopic pressure emitted from these gas bubbles. To completely mitigate the damage, we have to consider the two effects of injecting gas bubbles: reducing macroscopic pressure waves and reducing the microscopic pressure due to bubble dynamics. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-2b93832ac48c42d29a3ad14ae855bf85 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2311-5521 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Fluids |
| spelling | doaj-art-2b93832ac48c42d29a3ad14ae855bf852025-01-24T13:32:33ZengMDPI AGFluids2311-55212024-12-01101310.3390/fluids10010003Damage on a Solid–Liquid Interface Induced by the Dynamical Behavior of Injected Gas Bubbles in Flowing MercuryHiroyuki Kogawa0Takashi Wakui1Masatoshi Futakawa2Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Ibaraki 319-1195, JapanJapan Atomic Energy Agency, Ibaraki 319-1195, JapanJapan Atomic Energy Agency, Ibaraki 319-1195, JapanMicrobubbles have been applied in various fields. In the mercury targets of spallation neutron sources, where cavitation damage is a crucial issue for life estimation, microbubbles are injected into the mercury to absorb the thermal expansion of the mercury caused by the pulsed proton beam injection and reduce the macroscopic pressure waves, which results in reducing the damage. Recently, when the proton beam power was increased and the number of injected gas bubbles was increased, unique damage morphologies were observed on the solid–liquid interface. Detailed observation and numerical analyses revealed that the microscopic pressure emitted from the gas bubbles contracting is sufficient to form pit damage, i.e., the directions of streak-like defects which are formed by connecting the pit damage coincides with the direction of the gas bubble trajectories, and the distances between the pits was understandable when taking the natural period of gas bubble vibration into account. This indicates that gas microbubbles, used to reduce macroscopic pressure waves, have the potential to be inceptions of cavitation damage due to the microscopic pressure emitted from these gas bubbles. To completely mitigate the damage, we have to consider the two effects of injecting gas bubbles: reducing macroscopic pressure waves and reducing the microscopic pressure due to bubble dynamics.https://www.mdpi.com/2311-5521/10/1/3microbubblemercury targetcavitation damagepressure wavesolid–liquid interfaceimpact pressure |
| spellingShingle | Hiroyuki Kogawa Takashi Wakui Masatoshi Futakawa Damage on a Solid–Liquid Interface Induced by the Dynamical Behavior of Injected Gas Bubbles in Flowing Mercury Fluids microbubble mercury target cavitation damage pressure wave solid–liquid interface impact pressure |
| title | Damage on a Solid–Liquid Interface Induced by the Dynamical Behavior of Injected Gas Bubbles in Flowing Mercury |
| title_full | Damage on a Solid–Liquid Interface Induced by the Dynamical Behavior of Injected Gas Bubbles in Flowing Mercury |
| title_fullStr | Damage on a Solid–Liquid Interface Induced by the Dynamical Behavior of Injected Gas Bubbles in Flowing Mercury |
| title_full_unstemmed | Damage on a Solid–Liquid Interface Induced by the Dynamical Behavior of Injected Gas Bubbles in Flowing Mercury |
| title_short | Damage on a Solid–Liquid Interface Induced by the Dynamical Behavior of Injected Gas Bubbles in Flowing Mercury |
| title_sort | damage on a solid liquid interface induced by the dynamical behavior of injected gas bubbles in flowing mercury |
| topic | microbubble mercury target cavitation damage pressure wave solid–liquid interface impact pressure |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2311-5521/10/1/3 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT hiroyukikogawa damageonasolidliquidinterfaceinducedbythedynamicalbehaviorofinjectedgasbubblesinflowingmercury AT takashiwakui damageonasolidliquidinterfaceinducedbythedynamicalbehaviorofinjectedgasbubblesinflowingmercury AT masatoshifutakawa damageonasolidliquidinterfaceinducedbythedynamicalbehaviorofinjectedgasbubblesinflowingmercury |