The current situation and associated factors of the psychological capital of nurses’ second victims in China: a cross-sectional study

Abstract Background The level of psychological capital of nurses’ second victims is critical to alleviate their negative experience after a safety incident. The purpose of this study is to understand the current status of psychological capital and associated factors of nurses after experiencing pati...

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Main Authors: Zhuoqing Deng, Qianfei Li, Hongyan Zan, Xiaohong Zhang, Ya‘nan Zhang, Zhiheng Gao
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-05-01
Series:BMC Nursing
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12912-025-03156-z
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author Zhuoqing Deng
Qianfei Li
Hongyan Zan
Xiaohong Zhang
Ya‘nan Zhang
Zhiheng Gao
author_facet Zhuoqing Deng
Qianfei Li
Hongyan Zan
Xiaohong Zhang
Ya‘nan Zhang
Zhiheng Gao
author_sort Zhuoqing Deng
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background The level of psychological capital of nurses’ second victims is critical to alleviate their negative experience after a safety incident. The purpose of this study is to understand the current status of psychological capital and associated factors of nurses after experiencing patient safety incidents. Methods In May 2024, an online survey was conducted on nurses from 2 tertiary hospitals and 2 secondary hospitals in Shanxi Province who had experienced patient safety incidents in the past year using the General Information Questionnaire, the Patient Safety Incident Characteristics Questionnaire, and the Nurses’ Psychological Capital Questionnaire, and finally 456 nurses filled out the questionnaire. Results A total of 423 valid questionnaires were collected, and the recovery rate of valid questionnaires was 92.76%. The total score of psychological capital of the nurses’ second victims was (89.13 ± 14.86), and the results of multiple linear regression showed that hospital level, department, the type of patient safety incident, the level of patient safety incident, and whether or not they were supported were independent associated factors of the psychological capital of the second victims (P < 0.05), which could explain 21.00% of the total variation. Conclusion The psychological capital of the nurses’ second victims was at a medium level. At the hospital level, the focus should be on nurses in tertiary hospitals. At the department level, the focus should be on the nurses in the oncology department. From the level of patient safety incidents, we should focus on the nurses with high event level and drug administration errors, and provide timely intervention support after the incident, so as to improve the psychological capital level of the second victims. Clinical trial number Not applicable.
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spelling doaj-art-2b7569b3321f4e61b9c74c0f9f6ebad02025-08-20T03:10:16ZengBMCBMC Nursing1472-69552025-05-012411910.1186/s12912-025-03156-zThe current situation and associated factors of the psychological capital of nurses’ second victims in China: a cross-sectional studyZhuoqing Deng0Qianfei Li1Hongyan Zan2Xiaohong Zhang3Ya‘nan Zhang4Zhiheng Gao5Emergency Department, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Tongji Shanxi HospitalDepartment of Neurology, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences,Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Tongji Shanxi HospitalEmergency Department, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Tongji Shanxi HospitalNursing Department, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Tongji Shanxi HospitalEmergency Department, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Tongji Shanxi HospitalCentral Operating Department, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Tongji Shanxi HospitalAbstract Background The level of psychological capital of nurses’ second victims is critical to alleviate their negative experience after a safety incident. The purpose of this study is to understand the current status of psychological capital and associated factors of nurses after experiencing patient safety incidents. Methods In May 2024, an online survey was conducted on nurses from 2 tertiary hospitals and 2 secondary hospitals in Shanxi Province who had experienced patient safety incidents in the past year using the General Information Questionnaire, the Patient Safety Incident Characteristics Questionnaire, and the Nurses’ Psychological Capital Questionnaire, and finally 456 nurses filled out the questionnaire. Results A total of 423 valid questionnaires were collected, and the recovery rate of valid questionnaires was 92.76%. The total score of psychological capital of the nurses’ second victims was (89.13 ± 14.86), and the results of multiple linear regression showed that hospital level, department, the type of patient safety incident, the level of patient safety incident, and whether or not they were supported were independent associated factors of the psychological capital of the second victims (P < 0.05), which could explain 21.00% of the total variation. Conclusion The psychological capital of the nurses’ second victims was at a medium level. At the hospital level, the focus should be on nurses in tertiary hospitals. At the department level, the focus should be on the nurses in the oncology department. From the level of patient safety incidents, we should focus on the nurses with high event level and drug administration errors, and provide timely intervention support after the incident, so as to improve the psychological capital level of the second victims. Clinical trial number Not applicable.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12912-025-03156-zPatient safety incidentSecond victimNursePsychological capital
spellingShingle Zhuoqing Deng
Qianfei Li
Hongyan Zan
Xiaohong Zhang
Ya‘nan Zhang
Zhiheng Gao
The current situation and associated factors of the psychological capital of nurses’ second victims in China: a cross-sectional study
BMC Nursing
Patient safety incident
Second victim
Nurse
Psychological capital
title The current situation and associated factors of the psychological capital of nurses’ second victims in China: a cross-sectional study
title_full The current situation and associated factors of the psychological capital of nurses’ second victims in China: a cross-sectional study
title_fullStr The current situation and associated factors of the psychological capital of nurses’ second victims in China: a cross-sectional study
title_full_unstemmed The current situation and associated factors of the psychological capital of nurses’ second victims in China: a cross-sectional study
title_short The current situation and associated factors of the psychological capital of nurses’ second victims in China: a cross-sectional study
title_sort current situation and associated factors of the psychological capital of nurses second victims in china a cross sectional study
topic Patient safety incident
Second victim
Nurse
Psychological capital
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s12912-025-03156-z
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