Monkeypox: a re-emergent virus with global health implications – a comprehensive review
Abstract Monkeypox virus (MPXV) is an enclosed, double-stranded DNA virus from the Orthopoxvirus genus, which also contains variola, vaccinia, and cowpox. MPXV, which was once confined to West and Central Africa, has recently had a rebound, spreading beyond its original range since 2017. The virus i...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2025-01-01
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| Series: | Tropical Diseases, Travel Medicine and Vaccines |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s40794-024-00237-w |
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| author | Nourhan G. Naga Enas A. Nawar A’laa A. Mobarak Aya G. Faramawy Hend M. H. Al-Kordy |
| author_facet | Nourhan G. Naga Enas A. Nawar A’laa A. Mobarak Aya G. Faramawy Hend M. H. Al-Kordy |
| author_sort | Nourhan G. Naga |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Monkeypox virus (MPXV) is an enclosed, double-stranded DNA virus from the Orthopoxvirus genus, which also contains variola, vaccinia, and cowpox. MPXV, which was once confined to West and Central Africa, has recently had a rebound, spreading beyond its original range since 2017. The virus is distinguished by its unique morphology, which includes an oval or brick-shaped structure and a complex lipid and protein makeup. The current multi-country outbreak designated a public health emergency in 2022, has highlighted MPXV’s shifting epidemiology and ability to spread rapidly over the globe. ‘No one is safe until everyone is safe’ is a slogan we often heard during the COVID-19 pandemic, which is now also required for the growing global and regional mpox outbreaks. The epidemic is divided into two clades: Clade I and Clade II, which have distinct pathogenic characteristics. Diagnostic approaches have developed with advances in molecular techniques, yet problems persist in resource-constrained situations. This overview summarizes the virus’s history, epidemiology, morphology, and clinical characteristics, offering insights into its recent comeback and current global response efforts. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-2b049e8dd6a24999aaeaba57409c53da |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2055-0936 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Tropical Diseases, Travel Medicine and Vaccines |
| spelling | doaj-art-2b049e8dd6a24999aaeaba57409c53da2025-01-19T12:10:51ZengBMCTropical Diseases, Travel Medicine and Vaccines2055-09362025-01-0111111310.1186/s40794-024-00237-wMonkeypox: a re-emergent virus with global health implications – a comprehensive reviewNourhan G. Naga0Enas A. Nawar1A’laa A. Mobarak2Aya G. Faramawy3Hend M. H. Al-Kordy4Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria UniversityBotany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria UniversityBotany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria UniversityDepartment of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Damanhour UniversityDepartment of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Damanhour UniversityAbstract Monkeypox virus (MPXV) is an enclosed, double-stranded DNA virus from the Orthopoxvirus genus, which also contains variola, vaccinia, and cowpox. MPXV, which was once confined to West and Central Africa, has recently had a rebound, spreading beyond its original range since 2017. The virus is distinguished by its unique morphology, which includes an oval or brick-shaped structure and a complex lipid and protein makeup. The current multi-country outbreak designated a public health emergency in 2022, has highlighted MPXV’s shifting epidemiology and ability to spread rapidly over the globe. ‘No one is safe until everyone is safe’ is a slogan we often heard during the COVID-19 pandemic, which is now also required for the growing global and regional mpox outbreaks. The epidemic is divided into two clades: Clade I and Clade II, which have distinct pathogenic characteristics. Diagnostic approaches have developed with advances in molecular techniques, yet problems persist in resource-constrained situations. This overview summarizes the virus’s history, epidemiology, morphology, and clinical characteristics, offering insights into its recent comeback and current global response efforts.https://doi.org/10.1186/s40794-024-00237-wMonkeypox Virus (MPXV)OrthopoxvirusEpidemiologyDiagnostic methodsClade variability |
| spellingShingle | Nourhan G. Naga Enas A. Nawar A’laa A. Mobarak Aya G. Faramawy Hend M. H. Al-Kordy Monkeypox: a re-emergent virus with global health implications – a comprehensive review Tropical Diseases, Travel Medicine and Vaccines Monkeypox Virus (MPXV) Orthopoxvirus Epidemiology Diagnostic methods Clade variability |
| title | Monkeypox: a re-emergent virus with global health implications – a comprehensive review |
| title_full | Monkeypox: a re-emergent virus with global health implications – a comprehensive review |
| title_fullStr | Monkeypox: a re-emergent virus with global health implications – a comprehensive review |
| title_full_unstemmed | Monkeypox: a re-emergent virus with global health implications – a comprehensive review |
| title_short | Monkeypox: a re-emergent virus with global health implications – a comprehensive review |
| title_sort | monkeypox a re emergent virus with global health implications a comprehensive review |
| topic | Monkeypox Virus (MPXV) Orthopoxvirus Epidemiology Diagnostic methods Clade variability |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s40794-024-00237-w |
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