CO<sub>2</sub> and hydrography acquired by autonomous surface vehicles from the Atlantic Ocean to the Mediterranean Sea: data correction and validation

<p>The ATL2MED demonstration experiment involved two autonomous surface vehicles from Saildrone Inc. (SD) which travelled a route from the eastern tropical North Atlantic to the Adriatic Sea between October 2019 and July 2020 (see Table A6). This 9-month experiment in a transition zone between...

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Main Authors: R. Martellucci, M. Giani, E. Mauri, L. Coppola, M. Paulsen, M. Fourrier, S. Pensieri, V. Cardin, C. Dentico, R. Bozzano, C. Cantoni, A. Lucchetta, A. Izquierdo, M. Bruno, I. Skjelvan
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Copernicus Publications 2024-11-01
Series:Earth System Science Data
Online Access:https://essd.copernicus.org/articles/16/5333/2024/essd-16-5333-2024.pdf
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author R. Martellucci
M. Giani
E. Mauri
L. Coppola
M. Paulsen
M. Fourrier
S. Pensieri
V. Cardin
C. Dentico
R. Bozzano
C. Cantoni
A. Lucchetta
A. Izquierdo
M. Bruno
I. Skjelvan
author_facet R. Martellucci
M. Giani
E. Mauri
L. Coppola
M. Paulsen
M. Fourrier
S. Pensieri
V. Cardin
C. Dentico
R. Bozzano
C. Cantoni
A. Lucchetta
A. Izquierdo
M. Bruno
I. Skjelvan
author_sort R. Martellucci
collection DOAJ
description <p>The ATL2MED demonstration experiment involved two autonomous surface vehicles from Saildrone Inc. (SD) which travelled a route from the eastern tropical North Atlantic to the Adriatic Sea between October 2019 and July 2020 (see Table A6). This 9-month experiment in a transition zone between the temperate and tropical belts represents a major challenge for the SD's operations. The sensors on board were exposed to varying degrees of degradation and biofouling depending on the geographical area and season, which led to a deterioration in the measurements. As a result, some maintenance measures were required during the mission.</p> <p>We address the difficulty of correcting the data during a period of COVID-19 restrictions, which significantly reduced the number of discrete samples planned for the SD salinity and dissolved oxygen validation. This article details alternative correction methods for salinity and dissolved oxygen. Due to the lack of in situ data, model products have been used to correct the salinity data acquired by the SD instruments, and then the resulting corrected salinity was validated with data from fixed ocean stations, gliders, and Argo floats. In addition, dissolved oxygen data acquired from the SD instruments after correction using air oxygen measurements were tested and found to be coherent with the variation in oxygen concentrations expected from changes in temperature and phytoplankton abundance (from chlorophyll <span class="inline-formula"><i>a</i></span>). The correction methods are relevant and useful in situations where validation capabilities are lacking, which was the case during the ATL2MED demonstration experiment. For future experiments, a more frequent sample collection would improve the data qualification and validation.</p>
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spelling doaj-art-2af1f3424e014580a3b9b0d24ecdadb22025-08-20T02:49:46ZengCopernicus PublicationsEarth System Science Data1866-35081866-35162024-11-01165333535610.5194/essd-16-5333-2024CO<sub>2</sub> and hydrography acquired by autonomous surface vehicles from the Atlantic Ocean to the Mediterranean Sea: data correction and validationR. Martellucci0M. Giani1E. Mauri2L. Coppola3M. Paulsen4M. Fourrier5S. Pensieri6V. Cardin7C. Dentico8R. Bozzano9C. Cantoni10A. Lucchetta11A. Izquierdo12M. Bruno13I. Skjelvan14National Institute of Oceanography and Applied Geophysics (OGS), Trieste, ItalyNational Institute of Oceanography and Applied Geophysics (OGS), Trieste, ItalyNational Institute of Oceanography and Applied Geophysics (OGS), Trieste, ItalyOceanography Laboratory of Villefranche (LOV), Villefranche, FranceGEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Kiel, GermanyOceanography Laboratory of Villefranche (LOV), Villefranche, FranceNational Research Council – Institute for the study of Anthropic Impact and Sustainability in the Marine Environment (CNR-IAS), Genoa, ItalyNational Institute of Oceanography and Applied Geophysics (OGS), Trieste, ItalyDepartment of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Università Cà Foscari, Venice, ItalyNational Research Council – Institute for the study of Anthropic Impact and Sustainability in the Marine Environment (CNR-IAS), Genoa, ItalyNational Research Council – Institute of Marine Sciences (CNR-ISMAR), Trieste, ItalyNational Research Council – Institute of Marine Sciences (CNR-ISMAR), Trieste, ItalyDepartment of Applied Physics, University of Cádiz (UCA), Puerto Real, Cádiz, SpainDepartment of Applied Physics, University of Cádiz (UCA), Puerto Real, Cádiz, SpainNORCE Norwegian Research Centre, Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, Bergen, Norway<p>The ATL2MED demonstration experiment involved two autonomous surface vehicles from Saildrone Inc. (SD) which travelled a route from the eastern tropical North Atlantic to the Adriatic Sea between October 2019 and July 2020 (see Table A6). This 9-month experiment in a transition zone between the temperate and tropical belts represents a major challenge for the SD's operations. The sensors on board were exposed to varying degrees of degradation and biofouling depending on the geographical area and season, which led to a deterioration in the measurements. As a result, some maintenance measures were required during the mission.</p> <p>We address the difficulty of correcting the data during a period of COVID-19 restrictions, which significantly reduced the number of discrete samples planned for the SD salinity and dissolved oxygen validation. This article details alternative correction methods for salinity and dissolved oxygen. Due to the lack of in situ data, model products have been used to correct the salinity data acquired by the SD instruments, and then the resulting corrected salinity was validated with data from fixed ocean stations, gliders, and Argo floats. In addition, dissolved oxygen data acquired from the SD instruments after correction using air oxygen measurements were tested and found to be coherent with the variation in oxygen concentrations expected from changes in temperature and phytoplankton abundance (from chlorophyll <span class="inline-formula"><i>a</i></span>). The correction methods are relevant and useful in situations where validation capabilities are lacking, which was the case during the ATL2MED demonstration experiment. For future experiments, a more frequent sample collection would improve the data qualification and validation.</p>https://essd.copernicus.org/articles/16/5333/2024/essd-16-5333-2024.pdf
spellingShingle R. Martellucci
M. Giani
E. Mauri
L. Coppola
M. Paulsen
M. Fourrier
S. Pensieri
V. Cardin
C. Dentico
R. Bozzano
C. Cantoni
A. Lucchetta
A. Izquierdo
M. Bruno
I. Skjelvan
CO<sub>2</sub> and hydrography acquired by autonomous surface vehicles from the Atlantic Ocean to the Mediterranean Sea: data correction and validation
Earth System Science Data
title CO<sub>2</sub> and hydrography acquired by autonomous surface vehicles from the Atlantic Ocean to the Mediterranean Sea: data correction and validation
title_full CO<sub>2</sub> and hydrography acquired by autonomous surface vehicles from the Atlantic Ocean to the Mediterranean Sea: data correction and validation
title_fullStr CO<sub>2</sub> and hydrography acquired by autonomous surface vehicles from the Atlantic Ocean to the Mediterranean Sea: data correction and validation
title_full_unstemmed CO<sub>2</sub> and hydrography acquired by autonomous surface vehicles from the Atlantic Ocean to the Mediterranean Sea: data correction and validation
title_short CO<sub>2</sub> and hydrography acquired by autonomous surface vehicles from the Atlantic Ocean to the Mediterranean Sea: data correction and validation
title_sort co sub 2 sub and hydrography acquired by autonomous surface vehicles from the atlantic ocean to the mediterranean sea data correction and validation
url https://essd.copernicus.org/articles/16/5333/2024/essd-16-5333-2024.pdf
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