The Diagnosis and Treatment of Branch Retinal Vein Occlusions: An Update
Branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO) is a common retinal vascular condition and a significant contributor to vision loss worldwide, particularly in middle-aged and elderly populations. This review synthesizes current knowledge on the epidemiology, pathogenesis, and clinical features of BRVO, alongsi...
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MDPI AG
2025-01-01
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| author | Diana-Maria Darabuş Rodica Georgiana Dărăbuş Mihnea Munteanu |
| author_facet | Diana-Maria Darabuş Rodica Georgiana Dărăbuş Mihnea Munteanu |
| author_sort | Diana-Maria Darabuş |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO) is a common retinal vascular condition and a significant contributor to vision loss worldwide, particularly in middle-aged and elderly populations. This review synthesizes current knowledge on the epidemiology, pathogenesis, and clinical features of BRVO, alongside recent advancements in diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. BRVO is approximately four times more prevalent than central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) and often leads to significant vision impairment. By focusing on BRVO, this review aims to address the specific challenges and advancements in its diagnosis and management. The pathophysiology of BRVO is complex, involving factors such as venous compression, inflammation, and increased levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Diagnostic approaches such as optical coherence tomography (OCT) and fluorescein angiography are highlighted for their roles in assessing disease severity and guiding treatment decisions. Therapeutic interventions, including laser photocoagulation, anti-VEGF therapy, and intravitreal corticosteroids, are critically evaluated, emphasizing emerging treatments such as gene therapy, peptide-based agents, and small-molecule inhibitors. Despite advancements in management strategies, the recurrence of macular edema and treatment resistance remain significant challenges. Continued research is essential to refine therapeutic protocols and improve long-term visual outcomes for patients with BRVO. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-2ab0ba19db5e455daaac70d222c25512 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2227-9059 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Biomedicines |
| spelling | doaj-art-2ab0ba19db5e455daaac70d222c255122025-01-24T13:24:02ZengMDPI AGBiomedicines2227-90592025-01-0113110510.3390/biomedicines13010105The Diagnosis and Treatment of Branch Retinal Vein Occlusions: An UpdateDiana-Maria Darabuş0Rodica Georgiana Dărăbuş1Mihnea Munteanu2Department of Ophthalmology, “Victor Babeş” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timișoara, RomaniaDoctoral School, “Victor Babeş” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timișoara, RomaniaDepartment of Ophthalmology, “Victor Babeş” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timișoara, RomaniaBranch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO) is a common retinal vascular condition and a significant contributor to vision loss worldwide, particularly in middle-aged and elderly populations. This review synthesizes current knowledge on the epidemiology, pathogenesis, and clinical features of BRVO, alongside recent advancements in diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. BRVO is approximately four times more prevalent than central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) and often leads to significant vision impairment. By focusing on BRVO, this review aims to address the specific challenges and advancements in its diagnosis and management. The pathophysiology of BRVO is complex, involving factors such as venous compression, inflammation, and increased levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Diagnostic approaches such as optical coherence tomography (OCT) and fluorescein angiography are highlighted for their roles in assessing disease severity and guiding treatment decisions. Therapeutic interventions, including laser photocoagulation, anti-VEGF therapy, and intravitreal corticosteroids, are critically evaluated, emphasizing emerging treatments such as gene therapy, peptide-based agents, and small-molecule inhibitors. Despite advancements in management strategies, the recurrence of macular edema and treatment resistance remain significant challenges. Continued research is essential to refine therapeutic protocols and improve long-term visual outcomes for patients with BRVO.https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/13/1/105branch retinal vein occlusionvascular endothelial growth factormacular edemaanti-VEGF therapygene therapypeptide-based agents |
| spellingShingle | Diana-Maria Darabuş Rodica Georgiana Dărăbuş Mihnea Munteanu The Diagnosis and Treatment of Branch Retinal Vein Occlusions: An Update Biomedicines branch retinal vein occlusion vascular endothelial growth factor macular edema anti-VEGF therapy gene therapy peptide-based agents |
| title | The Diagnosis and Treatment of Branch Retinal Vein Occlusions: An Update |
| title_full | The Diagnosis and Treatment of Branch Retinal Vein Occlusions: An Update |
| title_fullStr | The Diagnosis and Treatment of Branch Retinal Vein Occlusions: An Update |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Diagnosis and Treatment of Branch Retinal Vein Occlusions: An Update |
| title_short | The Diagnosis and Treatment of Branch Retinal Vein Occlusions: An Update |
| title_sort | diagnosis and treatment of branch retinal vein occlusions an update |
| topic | branch retinal vein occlusion vascular endothelial growth factor macular edema anti-VEGF therapy gene therapy peptide-based agents |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/13/1/105 |
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