Toxic stress is associated with cardiovascular disease among younger but not older women in the United States: Results from the research goes red registry
Introduction: Psychosocial stress may be an under-recognized risk factor for cardiovascular disease among younger women (ages 35–54 years). Methods: Data was obtained from the Research Goes Red Registry, initiated in 2019, and included women from the United States. Women self-reported diagnoses of c...
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Elsevier
2025-03-01
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| Series: | Preventive Medicine Reports |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2211335525000312 |
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| author | Saam Honarvar Samaah Sullivan |
| author_facet | Saam Honarvar Samaah Sullivan |
| author_sort | Saam Honarvar |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Introduction: Psychosocial stress may be an under-recognized risk factor for cardiovascular disease among younger women (ages 35–54 years). Methods: Data was obtained from the Research Goes Red Registry, initiated in 2019, and included women from the United States. Women self-reported diagnoses of cardiovascular disease and experiences of toxic stress defined as a significant life-defining stressful activity over a prolonged period unaccompanied by sufficient social resources. Logistic regression models were used to estimate odds ratios between toxic stress and cardiovascular disease and differences by age (< 55 versus ≥ 55 years of age) using an interaction term. Results: The analytic dataset included 1346 women. The mean age of women was 47.8 (SD: 12.6), 71 % were less than 55 years of age, 83 % were Non-Hispanic White, 59 % indicated that they had experienced toxic stress, and 12 % had cardiovascular disease. In final multivariable models, there were significant differences in the association between toxic stress and cardiovascular disease by age group (toxic stress-by-age interaction = 0.0412) such that toxic stress was only significantly associated with an increased odds of cardiovascular disease among women < 55 years of age (OR: 1.79; 95 % CI: 1.03, 3.11) but not older women ≥ 55 years of age (OR: 0.82; 95 % CI: 0.49, 1.39). Conclusion: Toxic stress was associated with an increased odds of cardiovascular disease among younger, but not older women in this cross-sectional study. Stress may be an under-recognized risk factor for cardiovascular disease, especially among younger women who may benefit from interventions to mitigate and prevent stress. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-2aa62054d64f47b6a47892533c0207ff |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2211-3355 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-03-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Preventive Medicine Reports |
| spelling | doaj-art-2aa62054d64f47b6a47892533c0207ff2025-02-04T04:10:24ZengElsevierPreventive Medicine Reports2211-33552025-03-0151102992Toxic stress is associated with cardiovascular disease among younger but not older women in the United States: Results from the research goes red registrySaam Honarvar0Samaah Sullivan1Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center-Houston, Houston, TX, USADepartment of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center-Houston, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Peter O'Donnell Jr. School of Public Health, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Corresponding author at: Department of Epidemiology, Peter O'Donnell Jr. School of Public Health, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX, USA.Introduction: Psychosocial stress may be an under-recognized risk factor for cardiovascular disease among younger women (ages 35–54 years). Methods: Data was obtained from the Research Goes Red Registry, initiated in 2019, and included women from the United States. Women self-reported diagnoses of cardiovascular disease and experiences of toxic stress defined as a significant life-defining stressful activity over a prolonged period unaccompanied by sufficient social resources. Logistic regression models were used to estimate odds ratios between toxic stress and cardiovascular disease and differences by age (< 55 versus ≥ 55 years of age) using an interaction term. Results: The analytic dataset included 1346 women. The mean age of women was 47.8 (SD: 12.6), 71 % were less than 55 years of age, 83 % were Non-Hispanic White, 59 % indicated that they had experienced toxic stress, and 12 % had cardiovascular disease. In final multivariable models, there were significant differences in the association between toxic stress and cardiovascular disease by age group (toxic stress-by-age interaction = 0.0412) such that toxic stress was only significantly associated with an increased odds of cardiovascular disease among women < 55 years of age (OR: 1.79; 95 % CI: 1.03, 3.11) but not older women ≥ 55 years of age (OR: 0.82; 95 % CI: 0.49, 1.39). Conclusion: Toxic stress was associated with an increased odds of cardiovascular disease among younger, but not older women in this cross-sectional study. Stress may be an under-recognized risk factor for cardiovascular disease, especially among younger women who may benefit from interventions to mitigate and prevent stress.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2211335525000312StressWomenAge differencesCardiovascular diseaseStroke |
| spellingShingle | Saam Honarvar Samaah Sullivan Toxic stress is associated with cardiovascular disease among younger but not older women in the United States: Results from the research goes red registry Preventive Medicine Reports Stress Women Age differences Cardiovascular disease Stroke |
| title | Toxic stress is associated with cardiovascular disease among younger but not older women in the United States: Results from the research goes red registry |
| title_full | Toxic stress is associated with cardiovascular disease among younger but not older women in the United States: Results from the research goes red registry |
| title_fullStr | Toxic stress is associated with cardiovascular disease among younger but not older women in the United States: Results from the research goes red registry |
| title_full_unstemmed | Toxic stress is associated with cardiovascular disease among younger but not older women in the United States: Results from the research goes red registry |
| title_short | Toxic stress is associated with cardiovascular disease among younger but not older women in the United States: Results from the research goes red registry |
| title_sort | toxic stress is associated with cardiovascular disease among younger but not older women in the united states results from the research goes red registry |
| topic | Stress Women Age differences Cardiovascular disease Stroke |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2211335525000312 |
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