Influence of Low-Level Red Laser Irradiation on the Proliferation, Viability, and Differentiation of Human Embryonic Stem Cell-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells
The present investigation was conducted to observe the effects of different energy densities of a low-level red laser (LLRL) on human embryonic stem cell-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hESC-MSCs). hESC-MSCs were cultured and irradiated with a LLRL from 0.5 to 5.0 J/cm<sup data-eusoft-scrollable-...
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2025-07-01
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| author | Khalid M. AlGhamdi Ashok Kumar Musaad Alfayez Amer Mahmood |
| author_facet | Khalid M. AlGhamdi Ashok Kumar Musaad Alfayez Amer Mahmood |
| author_sort | Khalid M. AlGhamdi |
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| description | The present investigation was conducted to observe the effects of different energy densities of a low-level red laser (LLRL) on human embryonic stem cell-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hESC-MSCs). hESC-MSCs were cultured and irradiated with a LLRL from 0.5 to 5.0 J/cm<sup data-eusoft-scrollable-element="1">2</sup> at a wavelength of 635 nm. Biological parameters such as proliferation, viability, and migration were observed after 72 h of LLRL irradiation. Compared with the control, LLRL irradiation significantly increased the proliferation and viability of hESC-MSCs from 0.5 to 2.5 J/cm<sup data-eusoft-scrollable-element="1">2</sup> (<i data-eusoft-scrollable-element="1">p</i> < 0.001, <i data-eusoft-scrollable-element="1">p</i> < 0.05). LLRL irradiation from 0.5 to 3.0 J/cm<sup data-eusoft-scrollable-element="1">2</sup> significantly increased the migration of hESC-MSCs (<i data-eusoft-scrollable-element="1">p</i> < 0.01). These results revealed that LLRL irradiation at lower energy densities significantly increased the proliferation, viability, and migration of hESC-MSCs. However, higher energy densities were ineffective; this was also true when we examined osteogenic differentiation, as low energy densities of LLRL had a positive effect on differentiation, whereas higher energy densities had a negative effect on alkaline phosphatase activity, Alizarin Red staining and gene expression analysis. In addition, not all stem cell markers were affected by the laser, and a slight decrease in the expression of CD146, which is a stemness marker, was detected, indicating improved differentiation. These findings indicate that low energy densities of LLRL irradiation have positive effects on the proliferation, migration, and differentiation of hESC-MSCs. However, higher energy densities showed inhibitory effects. |
| format | Article |
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| spelling | doaj-art-2aa088eef0d54d6b95fab9e9514ce3102025-08-20T03:07:58ZengMDPI AGLife2075-17292025-07-01157112510.3390/life15071125Influence of Low-Level Red Laser Irradiation on the Proliferation, Viability, and Differentiation of Human Embryonic Stem Cell-Derived Mesenchymal Stem CellsKhalid M. AlGhamdi0Ashok Kumar1Musaad Alfayez2Amer Mahmood3Vitiligo Research Chair, Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11472, Saudi ArabiaVitiligo Research Chair, Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11472, Saudi ArabiaStem Cell Unit, Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11472, Saudi ArabiaStem Cell Unit, Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11472, Saudi ArabiaThe present investigation was conducted to observe the effects of different energy densities of a low-level red laser (LLRL) on human embryonic stem cell-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hESC-MSCs). hESC-MSCs were cultured and irradiated with a LLRL from 0.5 to 5.0 J/cm<sup data-eusoft-scrollable-element="1">2</sup> at a wavelength of 635 nm. Biological parameters such as proliferation, viability, and migration were observed after 72 h of LLRL irradiation. Compared with the control, LLRL irradiation significantly increased the proliferation and viability of hESC-MSCs from 0.5 to 2.5 J/cm<sup data-eusoft-scrollable-element="1">2</sup> (<i data-eusoft-scrollable-element="1">p</i> < 0.001, <i data-eusoft-scrollable-element="1">p</i> < 0.05). LLRL irradiation from 0.5 to 3.0 J/cm<sup data-eusoft-scrollable-element="1">2</sup> significantly increased the migration of hESC-MSCs (<i data-eusoft-scrollable-element="1">p</i> < 0.01). These results revealed that LLRL irradiation at lower energy densities significantly increased the proliferation, viability, and migration of hESC-MSCs. However, higher energy densities were ineffective; this was also true when we examined osteogenic differentiation, as low energy densities of LLRL had a positive effect on differentiation, whereas higher energy densities had a negative effect on alkaline phosphatase activity, Alizarin Red staining and gene expression analysis. In addition, not all stem cell markers were affected by the laser, and a slight decrease in the expression of CD146, which is a stemness marker, was detected, indicating improved differentiation. These findings indicate that low energy densities of LLRL irradiation have positive effects on the proliferation, migration, and differentiation of hESC-MSCs. However, higher energy densities showed inhibitory effects.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1729/15/7/1125low-level laser therapyred lasercell cultureproliferationviabilitymigration |
| spellingShingle | Khalid M. AlGhamdi Ashok Kumar Musaad Alfayez Amer Mahmood Influence of Low-Level Red Laser Irradiation on the Proliferation, Viability, and Differentiation of Human Embryonic Stem Cell-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Life low-level laser therapy red laser cell culture proliferation viability migration |
| title | Influence of Low-Level Red Laser Irradiation on the Proliferation, Viability, and Differentiation of Human Embryonic Stem Cell-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells |
| title_full | Influence of Low-Level Red Laser Irradiation on the Proliferation, Viability, and Differentiation of Human Embryonic Stem Cell-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells |
| title_fullStr | Influence of Low-Level Red Laser Irradiation on the Proliferation, Viability, and Differentiation of Human Embryonic Stem Cell-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells |
| title_full_unstemmed | Influence of Low-Level Red Laser Irradiation on the Proliferation, Viability, and Differentiation of Human Embryonic Stem Cell-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells |
| title_short | Influence of Low-Level Red Laser Irradiation on the Proliferation, Viability, and Differentiation of Human Embryonic Stem Cell-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells |
| title_sort | influence of low level red laser irradiation on the proliferation viability and differentiation of human embryonic stem cell derived mesenchymal stem cells |
| topic | low-level laser therapy red laser cell culture proliferation viability migration |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1729/15/7/1125 |
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