Application of photodynamic activation of prodrugs combined with phototherapy in tumor treatment

Abstract The design of prodrugs aims to address the issues of systemic toxicity and poor specificity associated with traditional chemotherapy drugs, thereby improving patient survival rates. However, effectively controlling the activation of prodrugs and further improve the efficacy remains a signif...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Yining Du, Jingyuan Zhao, Shuai Li, Hong Yuan
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-07-01
Series:Molecular Cancer
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12943-025-02404-9
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1849237750753001472
author Yining Du
Jingyuan Zhao
Shuai Li
Hong Yuan
author_facet Yining Du
Jingyuan Zhao
Shuai Li
Hong Yuan
author_sort Yining Du
collection DOAJ
description Abstract The design of prodrugs aims to address the issues of systemic toxicity and poor specificity associated with traditional chemotherapy drugs, thereby improving patient survival rates. However, effectively controlling the activation of prodrugs and further improve the efficacy remains a significant challenge that needs to be addressed. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a non-invasive cancer treatment that utilizes photosensitizers (PS) to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) under light irradiation, selectively killing tumor cells, but PDT still faces challenges such as limited therapeutic efficacy. To address challenge in cancer treatment, light-activated prodrugs have emerged as a promising strategy to achieve precise drug release and activation through light control in terms of time and location. This review explores the classification and mechanisms of light-activated prodrugs, with a focus on covalent and non-covalent photosensitizer-drug conjugates. These approaches enhance targeting, precisely control drug release, and achieve synergistic effects between PDT and chemotherapy. By analyzing these strategies, we highlight their potential in improving PDT efficacy and advancing targeted cancer therapy. Finally, we discuss future directions for designing advanced light-activated prodrug systems, providing new insights for the development of more effective and targeted cancer treatments.
format Article
id doaj-art-2a6ac9b6dd54478e9f95c1716d46403e
institution Kabale University
issn 1476-4598
language English
publishDate 2025-07-01
publisher BMC
record_format Article
series Molecular Cancer
spelling doaj-art-2a6ac9b6dd54478e9f95c1716d46403e2025-08-20T04:01:52ZengBMCMolecular Cancer1476-45982025-07-0124112310.1186/s12943-025-02404-9Application of photodynamic activation of prodrugs combined with phototherapy in tumor treatmentYining Du0Jingyuan Zhao1Shuai Li2Hong Yuan3Clinical Laboratory Center, Central Hospital of Dalian University of TechnologyClinical Laboratory Center, Central Hospital of Dalian University of TechnologyClinical Laboratory Center, Central Hospital of Dalian University of TechnologyClinical Laboratory Center, Central Hospital of Dalian University of TechnologyAbstract The design of prodrugs aims to address the issues of systemic toxicity and poor specificity associated with traditional chemotherapy drugs, thereby improving patient survival rates. However, effectively controlling the activation of prodrugs and further improve the efficacy remains a significant challenge that needs to be addressed. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a non-invasive cancer treatment that utilizes photosensitizers (PS) to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) under light irradiation, selectively killing tumor cells, but PDT still faces challenges such as limited therapeutic efficacy. To address challenge in cancer treatment, light-activated prodrugs have emerged as a promising strategy to achieve precise drug release and activation through light control in terms of time and location. This review explores the classification and mechanisms of light-activated prodrugs, with a focus on covalent and non-covalent photosensitizer-drug conjugates. These approaches enhance targeting, precisely control drug release, and achieve synergistic effects between PDT and chemotherapy. By analyzing these strategies, we highlight their potential in improving PDT efficacy and advancing targeted cancer therapy. Finally, we discuss future directions for designing advanced light-activated prodrug systems, providing new insights for the development of more effective and targeted cancer treatments.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12943-025-02404-9ProdrugsPhototherapyPhotodynamic activationPrecise releaseTumor treatment
spellingShingle Yining Du
Jingyuan Zhao
Shuai Li
Hong Yuan
Application of photodynamic activation of prodrugs combined with phototherapy in tumor treatment
Molecular Cancer
Prodrugs
Phototherapy
Photodynamic activation
Precise release
Tumor treatment
title Application of photodynamic activation of prodrugs combined with phototherapy in tumor treatment
title_full Application of photodynamic activation of prodrugs combined with phototherapy in tumor treatment
title_fullStr Application of photodynamic activation of prodrugs combined with phototherapy in tumor treatment
title_full_unstemmed Application of photodynamic activation of prodrugs combined with phototherapy in tumor treatment
title_short Application of photodynamic activation of prodrugs combined with phototherapy in tumor treatment
title_sort application of photodynamic activation of prodrugs combined with phototherapy in tumor treatment
topic Prodrugs
Phototherapy
Photodynamic activation
Precise release
Tumor treatment
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s12943-025-02404-9
work_keys_str_mv AT yiningdu applicationofphotodynamicactivationofprodrugscombinedwithphototherapyintumortreatment
AT jingyuanzhao applicationofphotodynamicactivationofprodrugscombinedwithphototherapyintumortreatment
AT shuaili applicationofphotodynamicactivationofprodrugscombinedwithphototherapyintumortreatment
AT hongyuan applicationofphotodynamicactivationofprodrugscombinedwithphototherapyintumortreatment